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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
Version 3, 29 June 2007
Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
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How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
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<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>
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This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
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This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short
notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
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This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'.
This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
under certain conditions; type `show c' for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate
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might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an "about box".
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program
into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you
may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with
the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General
Public License instead of this License. But first, please read
<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>.
gradint-build/Makefile → Makefile
View file @ 10a6ad67
# This file is part of the source code of
# gradint v0.9974 (c) 2002-2011 Silas S. Brown. GPL v3+.
# This file is part of the source code of Gradint
# (c) Silas S. Brown.
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
......@@ -9,41 +9,44 @@
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# Do NOT run with "make -j" or other parallelisations - some of these rules have conflicting tempfiles
# Stuff in Extra_Data does not have to be present,
# but if present will be included in all versions.
# Use this for bundling Gradint with partials-synths,
# preset-collections, encoders, whatever, into one
# installer for giving to someone.
# installer for giving to someone. Note that you can
# support both Windows and Linux using a single bundle
# with win2linux.sh (see comments at top of that script)
Extra_Data=partials *_disabled [^g]*.exe
All_Versions=gradint-build.7z gradint.exe gradint.tbz gradint.bgz gradint.zip gradintcab.zip gradint-S60.zip servertools.bgz
All_Versions=gradint-build.7z gradint.exe gradint.tbz gradint.bgz gradint.zip gradintcab.zip gradint-S60.zip gradint-android.zip servertools.bgz
# dropping gradint-noGUI.exe and GUI.exe for now - probably don't need that separation anymore
SHELL=/bin/bash
EData := $(shell for N in $(Extra_Data); do if test -e $$N; then echo $$N; fi; done)
SevenZip = `(export PATH="/other/downloads/7zip/bin/:$$HOME/bin/p7zip-for-gradint:$$PATH" ; which 7z || which 7za || which 7zr) 2>/dev/null` -y
EData := $(shell for N in $(Extra_Data); do if [ -e $$N ]; then echo $$N; fi; done)
Common_Files=vocab.txt settings.txt advanced.txt samples $(EData)
Most_Mac_Files=$(Common_Files) gradint.py
Mac_Files=$(Most_Mac_Files) mac/start-gradint.app
Linux_Files=$(Common_Files) gradint.py INSTALL.txt
Linux_Files=$(Common_Files) gradint.py install.sh
Riscos_Files=$(Common_Files) gradint.py
CODE=src/lessonplan.py src/sequence.py src/loop.py src/booktime.py src/play.py src/synth.py src/makeevent.py src/filescan.py src/recording.py src/users.py
SETUP=src/top.py src/defaults.py src/system.py
TOP=src/top.py
SETUP=src/defaults.py src/system.py
ENDING=src/frontend.py
SOURCES=$(SETUP) $(CODE) $(ENDING)
gradint.py: $(SOURCES) cleanup
chmod +w gradint.py 2>/dev/null || true
cat $(SOURCES) > gradint.py
(cat $(TOP);for N in $(SOURCES); do awk 'BEGIN {p=1} /^# This file is part of the source code of Gradint/ {p=0} /^$$/ {p=1} // {if(p) print}' < $$N; done) > gradint.py
chmod a-w gradint.py
chmod +x gradint.py
python -c "import gradint" && rm -f gradint.pyc # just to make sure it compiles
python2 -c "import gradint" && rm -f gradint.pyc # just to make sure it compiles in Python 2
python3 -c "import gradint" && rm -f gradint.pyc # just to make sure it compiles in Python 3 as well
# Do NOT run with "make -j" or other parallelisations - some of these rules have conflicting tempfiles
.NOTPARALLEL:
src/defaults.py: settings.txt advanced.txt Makefile
echo "# This is the start of defaults.py - configuration defaults, automatically extracted from default settings.txt and advanced.txt, so user customisations don't have to be complete (helps with upgrades)" > src/defaults.py
......@@ -51,23 +54,23 @@ src/defaults.py: settings.txt advanced.txt Makefile
gradint.exe: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
rm -rf windows0 ; cp -r windows windows0
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x gradint.7z && rm gradint.7z && cd ..
cd windows0/gradint && $(SevenZip) x ../espeak-windows.7z && rm ../espeak-windows.7z && cd ../.. # bundled copy of eSpeak that unpacks in espeak/
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z && cd ..
cd windows0 && 7za x gradint.7z && rm gradint.7z && cd ..
cd windows0/gradint && 7za x ../espeak-windows.7z -aoa && rm ../espeak-windows.7z && cd ../.. # bundled copy of eSpeak that unpacks in espeak/
cd windows0 && 7za x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z -aoa && cd ..
cp -r $(Common_Files) windows0/gradint/
mv windows0/gradint/samples/utils "windows0/gradint/samples/advanced utilities"
for N in hanzi-prompts/*.txt; do python -c "open('windows0/gradint/samples/prompts/$$(echo $$N|sed -e s,.*/,,)','w').write('\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'+open('$$N').read())"; done # overwriting the pinyin ones (as will bundle espeak so can translit.)
for N in hanzi-prompts/*.txt; do python2 -c "open('windows0/gradint/samples/prompts/$$(echo $$N|sed -e s,.*/,,)','w').write('\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'+open('$$N').read())"; done # overwriting the pinyin ones (as will bundle espeak so can translit.)
zip -0 windows0/gradint/library.zip gradint.py # (important to have no compression)
for N in windows0/gradint/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/*.bat windows0/*/*.bat windows0/7zip.conf; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
for N in windows0/gradint/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/*.bat windows0/*/*.bat windows0/7zip.conf; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
# add a utf-8 BOM to start of vocab.txt, to ensure Notepad saves it in utf-8
cd windows0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
# can trim down the shortcuts, as the GUI now gives access to them
cd windows0/shortcuts; rm "advanced setup.bat" "advanced utilities.bat" "General setup.bat" "Prompts.bat" "Recorded words.bat" "Synthesized words.bat" ; mv "Main program.bat" Gradint.bat ; cd ../..
# shortcuts: Don't use .lnk files, they are far too horrible (even if you put %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH% in the shortcut, it still stores the original location, and you can't reliably create them on the client without delving rediculously deep into Windows programming). Perhaps could use .url files, but we just use small batch files. Prepend a common header to each one. (NB it won't work to try to force the sort order by calling things _uninstall, ~uninstall, etc, unless you want Z_uninstall, Z_advanced etc)
cd windows0/shortcuts ; mv header.bat bat_header ; for N in *.bat ../startup/*.bat; do if ! test "$$N" == uninstall.bat; then cat bat_header "$$N" > n ; mv n "$$N"; fi; done ; rm bat_header ; cd ../..
# now run 7zip (look in a few extra places for it, and give it its full path in argv[0])
cd windows0 ; $(SevenZip) a data.7z setup.bat gradint shortcuts startup ; cd ..
cd windows0 ; 7za a data.7z setup.bat gradint shortcuts startup ; cd ..
cat windows0/7zS.sfx windows0/7zip.conf windows0/data.7z > gradint.exe
rm -rf windows0
......@@ -77,21 +80,21 @@ RecorderL1=zh
RecorderL2=en
recorder.exe: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
rm -rf windows0 ; cp -r windows windows0
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x gradint.7z && rm gradint.7z && cd ..
cd windows0 && 7za x gradint.7z && rm gradint.7z && cd ..
rm windows0/espeak-windows.7z
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z && cd ..
cd windows0 && 7za x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z && cd ..
cp -r $(Common_Files) windows0/gradint/
rm -rf windows0/gradint/samples/utils windows0/gradint/samples/prompts windows0/gradint/samples/README.txt
rm -f windows0/gradint/madplay.exe windows0/gradint/sox.exe windows0/gradint/ptts.exe
zip -0 windows0/gradint/library.zip gradint.py
cp extras/lame.exe extras/zip.exe windows0/gradint/
cp extras/zip.exe windows0/gradint/ # 2017-05: moved lame.exe from extras/ to windows/gradint.7z as patents have expired
mv windows0/gradint windows0/recorder
echo $$'@echo off\ncd recorder\ngradint-wrapper.exe recorderMode=1\nif not exist ..\\recorder.bat copy runme.bat ..\\recorder.bat\nif exist ..\\recorder.exe del ..\\recorder.exe\nexit' > windows0/recorder/runme.bat
# (replace the .exe with a .bat in case they try to open it again from desktop and get confused by unzip's "overwrite" prompt)
# (NB must say 'start' below for the above del to work)
echo 'firstLanguage="$(RecorderL1)";secondLanguage="$(RecorderL2)"' > windows0/recorder/settings.txt
for N in windows0/recorder/*.bat windows0/recorder/*.txt; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
cd windows0; zip -9r recorder.zip recorder/ ; cd ..
for N in windows0/recorder/*.bat windows0/recorder/*.txt; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
cd windows0; 7za a recorder.zip recorder/ ; cd ..
echo '$$AUTORUN$$>start /min recorder\runme.bat' | zip -z windows0/recorder.zip
cat yali-voice/unzipsfx.exe windows0/recorder.zip > recorder.exe
zip -A recorder.exe
......@@ -99,37 +102,45 @@ recorder.exe: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
gradint.cab: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
rm -rf PocketPC0 ; cp -r PocketPC PocketPC0
cd PocketPC0 && $(SevenZip) x espeak.7z && $(SevenZip) x tkinter.7z && rm espeak.7z tkinter.7z pocketpc-cab && cd ..
cd PocketPC0 && 7za x espeak.7z && 7za x tkinter.7z && rm espeak.7z tkinter.7z pocketpc-cab && cd ..
cp -r $(Common_Files) PocketPC0/gradint
cd PocketPC0/gradint && python ../../thindown.py wince < ../../gradint.py > gradint.py && cd ../..
# if using partials, must combine them for CAB:
for Dir in PocketPC0/gradint/partials/*/*; do if cd $$Dir; then if wc -c *.raw | grep -v total$$ | sed -e 's/^ *//' > audiodata.dat ; then cat *.raw >> audiodata.dat ; rm *.raw; else rm -f audiodata.dat; fi; cd ../../../../..; else true; fi; done
chmod +w PocketPC0/gradint/gradint.py # saves problems with pocketpc-cab
rm -rf PocketPC0/gradint/samples/utils # no point having those on Windows Mobile
for N in PocketPC0/gradint/*.txt; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
cd PocketPC0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd PocketPC0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
for N in PocketPC0/gradint/*.txt; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
cd PocketPC0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd PocketPC0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
# PocketPC/espeak-data contains the altered phon* files in case the eSpeak version is slightly different, but we should be able to re-use the dictionaries etc
$(SevenZip) x windows/espeak-windows.7z && mv PocketPC0/espeak-data/* espeak/espeak-data && rmdir PocketPC0/espeak-data && mv espeak/espeak-data PocketPC0 && rm -rf espeak PocketPC0/espeak-data/mbrola*
7za x windows/espeak-windows.7z && mv PocketPC0/espeak-data/* espeak/espeak-data && rmdir PocketPC0/espeak-data && mv espeak/espeak-data PocketPC0 && rm -rf espeak PocketPC0/espeak-data/mbrola*
# Problem: we MUST have everything in ONE directory if it is to go on the storage card, otherwise it will go on the internal disk (which is a shame because the uninstall won't track where we really put things) (and no putting a file at top-level of device does not work)
cd PocketPC0 && mv bin Progra* espeak-data gradint && cd ..
# compile PocketPC espeak:
# (if compiling 1.04.03 remember the changes posted to espeak-general 2010-09-13)
# make speak CXX=arm-wince-pe-g++ USE_AUDIO="-DNEED_GETOPT -DNEED_WCHAR_FUNCTIONS -DWINCE" LIB_AUDIO=
# python -c 'd=open("speak","rb").read().replace("/temp/wcetrace.log","/notexist/tracelog") ; open("speak","wb").write(d)'
# python2 -c 'd=open("speak","rb").read().replace("/temp/wcetrace.log","/notexist/tracelog") ; open("speak","wb").write(d)'
# then add to PocketPC/espeak.7z in bin/
cd PocketPC0 && find . -type f | sort -f | grep -v /mb | grep -v /files.list | sed -e 's,./\(.*\)$$,\1 /\1,' -e 's,/\([^/]*\)/\([^/]*\)$$,/\1,' -e 's, /[^/]*.py$$, /,' -e 's/Program Files/Program~Files/g' > files.list && cd ..
cd PocketPC0 && export PATH="/other/downloads/7zip/bin/:$$HOME/bin/p7zip-for-gradint:$$PATH" && ../PocketPC/pocketpc-cab -p "" -a "Gradint $$(head gradint/gradint.py | grep program_name | sed -e 's/.*t v/v/' -e 's/(c).*//')" files.list ../gradint.cab && cd ..
# (need pocketpc-cab and lcab binaries for that to work)
test -e gradint.cab # pocketpc-cab can fail silently if we add too many files, so check the output exists
[ -e gradint.cab ] # pocketpc-cab can fail silently if we add too many files, so check the output exists
rm -rf PocketPC0
gradint-S60.zip: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
gradint-S60.zip: $(Common_Files) gradint.py README-S60.txt
cp S60.zip gradint-S60.zip
zip -9r gradint-S60.zip $(Common_Files)
7za a gradint-S60.zip $(Common_Files) README-S60.txt
zip -d gradint-S60.zip 'samples/utils*' # no point having those on S60
mkdir gradint
cd gradint && python ../thindown.py s60 < ../gradint.py > gradint.py && zip -9r ../gradint-S60.zip gradint.py && cd ..
cd gradint && python ../thindown.py s60 < ../gradint.py > gradint.py && 7za a ../gradint-S60.zip gradint.py && cd ..
rm -rf gradint
gradint-android.zip: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
7za a gradint-android.zip $(Common_Files)
zip -d gradint-android.zip 'samples/utils*'
mkdir gradint
echo 'import gradint0;gradint0.main()' > gradint/gradint.py # QPython tends to load faster if we have a simple wrapper script
cd gradint && python ../thindown.py android < ../gradint.py > gradint0.py && 7za a ../gradint-android.zip gradint*.py && cd ..
rm -rf gradint
gradintcab.zip: gradint.cab
......@@ -138,39 +149,39 @@ gradintcab.zip: gradint.cab
gradint-noGUI.exe: $(Common_Files) gradint.py
rm -rf windows0 ; cp -r windows windows0
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x gradint.7z && rm gradint.bgz && cd ..
cd windows0/gradint && $(SevenZip) x ../espeak-windows.bgz && rm ../espeak-windows.bgz && cd ../.. # bundled copy of eSpeak that unpacks in espeak/
cd windows0 && 7za x gradint.7z && rm gradint.bgz && cd ..
cd windows0/gradint && 7za x ../espeak-windows.bgz && rm ../espeak-windows.bgz && cd ../.. # bundled copy of eSpeak that unpacks in espeak/
cp -r $(Common_Files) windows0/gradint/
mv windows0/gradint/samples/utils "windows0/gradint/samples/advanced utilities"
zip -0 windows0/gradint/library.zip gradint.py # (important to have no compression)
for N in windows0/gradint/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/*.bat windows0/*/*.bat windows0/7zip.conf; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
for N in windows0/gradint/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/gradint/*/*.txt windows0/*.bat windows0/*/*.bat windows0/7zip.conf; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
# add a utf-8 BOM to start of vocab.txt, to ensure Notepad saves it in utf-8
cd windows0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd windows0/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
# shortcuts: Don't use .lnk files, they are far too horrible (even if you put %HOMEDRIVE%%HOMEPATH% in the shortcut, it still stores the original location, and you can't reliably create them on the client without delving rediculously deep into Windows programming). Perhaps could use .url files, but we just use small batch files. Prepend a common header to each one. (NB it won't work to try to force the sort order by calling things _uninstall, ~uninstall, etc, unless you want Z_uninstall, Z_advanced etc)
cd windows0/shortcuts ; mv header.bat bat_header ; for N in *.bat ../startup/*.bat; do if ! test "$$N" == uninstall.bat; then cat bat_header "$$N" > n ; mv n "$$N"; fi; done ; rm bat_header ; cd ../..
# now run 7zip (look in a few extra places for it, and give it its full path in argv[0])
cd windows0 ; $(SevenZip) a data.7z setup.bat gradint shortcuts startup ; cd ..
cd windows0 ; 7za a data.7z setup.bat gradint shortcuts startup ; cd ..
cat windows0/7zS.sfx windows0/7zip.conf windows0/data.7z > gradint-noGUI.exe
rm -rf windows0
GUI.exe: gradint.py
rm -rf windows0 ; cp -r windowsGUI windows0
cd windows0 && $(SevenZip) x gradint.bgz && rm gradint.bgz && cd ..
for N in windows0/7zip.conf; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
cd windows0 && 7za x gradint.bgz && rm gradint.bgz && cd ..
for N in windows0/7zip.conf; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
zip -0 windows0/gradint/library.zip gradint.py # (important to have no compression)
cd windows0 ; $(SevenZip) a data.7z setup.bat gradint ; cd ..
cd windows0 ; 7za a data.7z setup.bat gradint ; cd ..
cat windows/7zS.sfx windows0/7zip.conf windows0/data.7z > GUI.exe
rm -rf windows0
gradint.tbz: $(Mac_Files)
mkdir gradint
cp -r $(Mac_Files) gradint
chmod +x gradint/start-gradint.app/sox gradint/start-gradint.app/qtplay # just in case it lost its x attribute
chmod +x gradint/start-gradint.app/sox gradint/start-gradint.app/sox-14.4.2 gradint/start-gradint.app/qtplay
mv gradint/samples/utils "gradint/samples/advanced utilities"
for N in hanzi-prompts/*.txt; do python -c "open('gradint/samples/prompts/$$(echo $$N|sed -e s,.*/,,)','w').write('\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'+open('$$N').read())"; done # overwriting the pinyin ones (as will bundle espeak so can translit.), and NB we *do* need the byte-order-mark on Mac OS 10.6 for TextEdit
cd gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ..
cd gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ..
for N in hanzi-prompts/*.txt; do python2 -c "open('gradint/samples/prompts/$$(echo $$N|sed -e s,.*/,,)','w').write('\\xef\\xbb\\xbf'+open('$$N').read())"; done # overwriting the pinyin ones (as will bundle espeak so can translit.), and NB we *do* need the byte-order-mark on Mac OS 10.6 for TextEdit
cd gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ..
cd gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ..
cd gradint ; mv $(Most_Mac_Files) start-gradint.app/ ; mv start-gradint.app Gradint.app ; cd Gradint.app/Contents/MacOS ; sed -e s/start-gradint/Gradint/g -e s,Gradint.app/Contents,Contents,g < start-gradint > Gradint ; cp Gradint "Gradint 2"; chmod +x Gradint "Gradint 2" ; rm start-gradint ; cd ../../../.. # hide it all inside the app (optional) ("Gradint 2" is for upgrades - see code for details)
# tar -c gradint/ | bzip2 -9 > gradint.tbz
# use this alternative version if hiding all inside the app:
......@@ -185,9 +196,9 @@ gradint-installer.command: gradint.tbz
cat mac/install.sh gradint.tbz > gradint-installer.command
chmod +x gradint-installer.command
gradint.dmg: gradint-installer.command
if test -d /Volumes/Gradint; then diskutil eject /Volumes/Gradint; fi
if test -e gradint.dmg; then rm gradint.dmg; fi
hdiutil create -megabytes $$(echo $$(du -h gradint-installer.command | sed -e 's/\..*//')+1|bc) -fs HFS+ -volname Gradint gradint
if [ -d /Volumes/Gradint ]; then diskutil eject /Volumes/Gradint; fi
if [ -e gradint.dmg ]; then rm gradint.dmg; fi
hdiutil create -megabytes $$[$$(du -h gradint-installer.command | sed -e 's/\..*//')+1] -fs HFS+ -volname Gradint gradint
open gradint.dmg
while ! cp gradint-installer.command /Volumes/Gradint/; do echo Retrying ; sleep 1 ; done # 'open' might delay
chmod +x /Volumes/Gradint/gradint-installer.command
......@@ -196,52 +207,47 @@ gradint.dmg: gradint-installer.command
gradint.bgz: $(Linux_Files)
mkdir gradint
cp -r $(Linux_Files) gradint
chmod +x gradint/install.sh
tar -c gradint/ | bzip2 -9 > gradint.bgz
rm -rf gradint
servertools.bgz: server
rm -f server/*~
rm -f server/*~ server/*.pyc
tar -c server/ | bzip2 -9 > servertools.bgz
gradint.zip: $(Riscos_Files) riscos.zip
mkdir \!gradint
cp -r $(Riscos_Files) \!gradint
cd \!gradint && for F in samples/README.txt samples/prompts/README.txt vocab.txt advanced.txt; do sed -e 's,\.wav,/wav,g' -e 's,\.mp3,/mp3,g' -e 's,\.txt,/txt,g' -e 's,\.py\.,/py.,g' -e 's,\.py$$,/py,g' -e 's,TRANS\.TBL,TRANS/TBL,g' -e 's,samples/utils/,samples.utils.,g' -e 's,samples/,samples.,g' < $$F > n && mv n $$F ; done && cd .. # TODO: even in the suggested bash command lines? and what of .cdr .au (but be cautious about 'overzealous' search/replace)
cp riscos.zip gradint.zip # the existing zip file has the right RISC OS filetype for the Obey file (difficult to do on non-RISCOS systems)
zip -9 -r gradint.zip \!gradint/* # update with gradint sources
rm -rf \!gradint
publish0: $(All_Versions) gradint.py
scp -C -i ~/.srcf/keyfile gradint.py wa.eguidedog.net:gradint/
mv $(All_Versions) ~/public_html/gradint/
cp vocab.txt advanced.txt ~/public_html/gradint/
cp samples/README.txt ~/public_html/gradint/samples-readme.txt
cp samples/prompts/README.txt ~/public_html/gradint/prompts-readme.txt
grep ^program_name < src/top.py|head -1|sed -e 's/.*radint v/v/' -e 's/ .*/./' > ~/public_html/gradint/latest-version.txt
publish: $(All_Versions) gradint.py
scp -C gradint.py srcf:gradint/
scp -C server/gradint.cgi srcf:public_html/
mv $(All_Versions) ~/homepage/public/gradint/
cp vocab.txt advanced.txt ~/homepage/public/gradint/
cp samples/README.txt ~/homepage/public/gradint/samples-readme.txt
cp samples/prompts/README.txt ~/homepage/public/gradint/prompts-readme.txt
grep ^program_name < src/top.py|head -1|sed -e 's/.*radint v/v/' -e 's/ .*/./' > ~/homepage/public/gradint/latest-version.txt
make clean
~/homepage/update
ssh -i ~/.srcf/keyfile st0rage.org "cd eGuidedog/ssb22/gradint; screen -d -m /bin/bash -c '. build-sync.sh'"
publish:
# do it from /tmp so as to avoid confusing HomeSync if ssh'ing in from a PWF Mac
rm -rf /tmp/ssb22/gradint0
mkdir -p /tmp/ssb22/gradint0
cp -r * /tmp/ssb22/gradint0
pushd /tmp/ssb22/gradint0 && make publish0 && popd
rm -rf /tmp/ssb22/gradint0
gradint-build.7z:
mkdir ../gradint-build00
cp -r * ../gradint-build00
mv ../gradint-build00 gradint
cd gradint; for N in *.py src/*.py Makefile; do if ! test $$N == src/top.py && ! test $$N == gradint.py; then (echo "# This file is part of the source code of";grep "^program_name" src/top.py|sed -e 's/[^"]*"//' -e 's/"//' -e 's/^/# /';grep "^# " src/top.py;cat $$N) > $$N-new; mv $$N-new $$N; fi; done; cd ..
cd gradint ; make clean ; rm -rf extras ; cd ..
$(SevenZip) a gradint-build.7z gradint/
mkdir /tmp/gradint-build00
cp -r * /tmp/gradint-build00
rm -r /tmp/gradint-build00/LICENSE /tmp/gradint-build00/README.md /tmp/gradint-build00/charlearn
mv /tmp/gradint-build00 gradint
make -C gradint clean
rm -rf gradint/extras
7za a gradint-build.7z gradint/
rm -rf gradint
# "make CD" to make a CD/ directory with all versions, for a live CD
CD: $(Mac_Files) gradint.zip
rm -rf CD ; mkdir CD
cd CD && $(SevenZip) x ../windows/gradint.7z && $(SevenZip) x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z && cd ..
cd CD && 7za x ../windows/gradint.7z && 7za x ../windowsGUI/gradint.7z && cd ..
cp -r $(Mac_Files) CD/gradint
cp windows/setup.bat CD
cp -r windows/shortcuts windows/startup CD/gradint/
......@@ -251,9 +257,9 @@ CD: $(Mac_Files) gradint.zip
echo '#!/bin/bash'>CD/gradint/Linux-version.sh; echo python gradint.py>>CD/gradint/Linux-version.sh # don't rename gradint.py because it's used by Mac version also
mv gradint.zip CD/gradint/RiscOS-version.zip
zip -0 CD/gradint/library.zip gradint.py # (important to have no compression)
for N in CD/gradint/*.txt CD/gradint/*/*.txt CD/gradint/*/*/*.txt CD/setup.bat CD/gradint/*.bat CD/gradint/*/*.bat; do python -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n $$N; done
cd CD/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd CD/gradint && python -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
for N in CD/gradint/*.txt CD/gradint/*/*.txt CD/gradint/*/*/*.txt CD/setup.bat CD/gradint/*.bat CD/gradint/*/*.bat; do python2 -c "import sys; sys.stdout.write(sys.stdin.read().replace('\r','').replace('\n','\r\n'))" < "$$N" > n && mv n "$$N"; done
cd CD/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("vocab.txt").read())' && mv v2 vocab.txt && cd ../..
cd CD/gradint && python2 -c 'open("v2","w").write("\xef\xbb\xbf"+open("advanced.txt").read())' && mv v2 advanced.txt && cd ../..
echo "<html><body><h1>Gradint Live CD" > CD/Read_Me.html
grep ^program_name < src/top.py|head -1|sed -e 's/.*radint v/v/' -e 's/ .*/./' >> CD/Read_Me.html
echo "</h1><h2>In the 'gradint' folder on this CD:</h2><ul><li>Recorded words are in <tt>samples</tt> folder<li>Synthesized words are in <tt>vocab.txt</tt> (and take priority over recorded words)<li>Run the program by choosing 'Windows-version', 'MacOS-version', 'Linux-version' or 'RiscOS-version' as appropriate<li>Don't worry about the many other files (they are supporting components)<li>Run it once per day if possible<li>You can change <tt>settings.txt</tt> and <tt>advanced.txt</tt> (e.g. set it to output to disk for listening later, or change the length of lesson), and you can manage the recorded and synthesized words, but you need to copy the 'gradint' folder to your hard disk (or use the 'setup' .bat file in Windows) before making changes, otherwise you can only run it the way it's set up at the moment because CDs are read-only.</ul></body></html>" >> CD/Read_Me.html
......@@ -261,6 +267,7 @@ CD: $(Mac_Files) gradint.zip
echo;echo;echo "Made CD directory. Can add gradint/samples, gradint/vocab.txt, gradint/espeak for Windows, gradint/espeak-.. for OSX, sox Win/Mac binaries, oggenc or whatever for Windows, etc."
cleanup:
rm -f `find . -type f -name '*~' -o -name '*.pyc' -o -name DEADJOE`
find . -type f '(' -name '*~' -o -name '*.pyc' -o -name DEADJOE ')' -exec rm -vf '{}' ';'
rm -rvf __pycache__ # must be separate from find, as some find implementations exec before trying to descend and then error
clean: cleanup
rm -f gradint.py $(All_Versions) src/defaults.py gradint-installer.command gradint.dmg
rm -rf gradint.py $(All_Versions) src/defaults.py gradint-installer.command gradint.dmg
gradint-build/PocketPC/espeak.7z → PocketPC/espeak.7z
View file @ 10a6ad67
File moved
gradint-build/PocketPC/gradint/setup.py → PocketPC/gradint/setup.py
View file @ 10a6ad67
......@@ -7,9 +7,8 @@ import os, py_compile, sys
# can take more RAM than doing it separately.
f=os.getcwd()+os.sep+"gradint.py"
a=0
try: a=open(f)
except: pass
except: a=0
if a:
print "Compiling gradint..."
del a
......@@ -44,7 +43,8 @@ def moveFiles(srcDir,destDir):
except:
if not destDir in fail:
fail[destDir]=1
raw_input("Failed to write to "+destDir)
raw_input("Problem writing to "+destDir)
raw_input("from "+srcDir)
raw_input("Please do it manually in Explorer")
raw_input("or remove Application Lock if on")
try: os.rmdir(srcDir)
......
PocketPC/gradint/synth-noTk.py 0 → 100644
View file @ 10a6ad67
# Script to load gradint's synthloop quickly without waiting for the GUI
import sys
sys.argv.append("useTk=0")
import gradint
gradint.primitive_synthloop()
gradint-build/PocketPC/tkinter.7z → PocketPC/tkinter.7z
View file @ 10a6ad67
File moved
README-S60.txt 0 → 100644
View file @ 10a6ad67
If you want to make your samples quieter to match the lower
volume of PythonS60's audio.say() command, you can do this
on Unix (it doesn't matter if this command is repeated) :
find synth-cache samples -name '*.mp3' -exec mp3gain -a -m -12 '{}' ';'
and for any partials voices (Yali etc) using audiodata.dat
(see advanced.txt) you can do something like this (once only) :
grep -a '^[0-9]\+ .*\.raw$' audiodata.dat > /tmp/audiodata.dat &&
grep -av '^[0-9]\+ .*\.raw$' audiodata.dat | sox -t raw -r 44100 -c 1 -s -2 - -t raw - vol 0.2 >> /tmp/audiodata.dat
ls -l audiodata.dat /tmp/audiodata.dat # check they're the same length
cp /tmp/audiodata.dat .
S60's English synth isn't always clear. To help, the text
is also displayed on screen, but it's not very big. If you
need to run Gradint without looking, it might be better if
you can generate the lessons on another machine (with a
clearer English synth), or pre-cache the English.
gradint-build/README.txt → README-building.txt
View file @ 10a6ad67
......@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@ gradint build instructions
See Makefile for what you can do.
As a GPL program, gradint can include parts of other GPL programs.
See README-license.txt for licensing notes (and for a note on why the
Mac and Windows bundles cannot be upgraded to eSpeak-NG)
You will need 7-Zip for making the Windows version
(so you'll need to be running on x86 Linux or Cygwin).
......@@ -12,9 +13,9 @@ windows/7zS.sfx is the stub for 7-zip self-extracting files
updated versions still work with gradint's 7zip setup file). 7zip is LGPL.
windows/gradint contains quite a few files that were output by compiling an
earlier version of gradint on py2exe under python2.3 (both of which are GPL)
on a Windows box. Those files are: datetime.pyd _sre.pyd w9xpopen.exe
winsound.pyd library.zip gradint-wrapper.exe python23.dll. In order to
earlier version of gradint on py2exe under python2.3 on a Windows box.
Those files are: datetime.pyd _sre.pyd w9xpopen.exe winsound.pyd
ibrary.zip gradint-wrapper.exe python23.dll. In order to
avoid having to use a Windows box with py2exe every time (and note py2exe
with Python 2.5 requires Administrator access to the Windows system to
install, so it's no good running that in an average university login
......@@ -29,23 +30,20 @@ and using only the libraries provided in that library.zip file. (It can
attempt to import other libraries, but it must have a fall-back mechanism if
they're not there, as they almost certainly won't be there on Windows.)
windows/ also contains a copy of ptts.exe (extracted from Jampal from
jampal.sourceforge.net with is GPL) and madplay.exe (I can't remember how I
got this binary but I know madplay is GPL).
The Windows setup will install to Program Files\gradint on Windows 9x and
%HomePath%\gradint on later versions. The start menu and desktop
"shortcuts" are all batch-file hacks because I haven't made a "real" Windows
%installer, but it should be OK on most systems.
start-gradint.app contains the Mac files. It has a binary of qtplay which
is redistributable (see qtplay.copyright), and also a Finder script that
start-gradint.app contains the Mac files. It has a Finder script that
starts gradint.py in a Terminal.
(qtplay is compiled for PowerPC; Intel macs should automatically use the
emulator.)
riscos.zip contains a copy of !PlayIt (which is re-distributable) and a
riscos.zip contains a copy of !PlayIt, which is re-distributable on a
"no commercial use" license. If that were combined with Gradint then
) and a
compiled version of the Wenhua binary (which is GPL and related to gradint -
see vocab.txt). It's important not to re-create riscos.zip except by using
a RISCOS-aware zip program (such as on RISC OS itself) otherwise the RISC OS
......
README-license.txt 0 → 100644
View file @ 10a6ad67
Licensing notes
---------------
As a GPL program, Gradint can include parts of other GPL programs.
It is possible that many of these programs could be included anyway
even if Gradint were not GPL, since they are optional and are run as
system commands independently of the Gradint process: this seems to
fit the "mere aggregation" clause of the GPL. However, Gradint's use
of eSpeak may be a 'borderline' case, as may be the Windows version's
use of py2exe, so I feel the safest thing is to make Gradint GPL too.
I could make a more liberally licensed version of the Gradint core
code without the parts that drive eSpeak etc. This liberally-licensed
core code would then be includeable in the whole GPL version and also
in other non-GPL projects. To keep things simple, I have not made
such a division by default (the Gradint GUI displays "GPL" because
it's usually associated with eSpeak, and to save screen space I don't
want to change that to "whole thing's GPL but some parts are Apache"),
but contact me if you need me to make or approve a cut-down version of
the code containing just the parts that don't have to be GPL, probably
as a separate project.
The GPL allows commercial use, and it does not allow the removal of
any permissions it grants, including the permission for commercial
use. Therefore, it is NOT allowed to take a GPL program together with
a program that's distributed under a "non-commercial use only" license
and distribute the combined version, unless it falls under the GPL's
provision of "mere aggregation". (I could give special permission,
but my permission would not be valid if the above "borderline" cases
really do mean that Gradint must be GPL with no extra permissions.)
The Windows and Mac versions of Gradint include not only eSpeak but
also some customised dictionary files, one of which contains
pronunciation data derived from the OALD with a "non-commercial only"
license. Since eSpeak's dictionary is a user-customisable file loaded
at runtime, and does not make up part of eSpeak's code proper, it is
arguable that making a non-commercial download of eSpeak + OALD is
"mere aggregation" allowed by the GPL. However, there is also the
issue that this modified dictionary was derived not only from the OALD
but also from eSpeak's original data files, including en_rules which
is explicitly GPL, so I would need special permission to combine this
with OALD in a non-commercial binary (otherwise I would have to ship
the files separately and have eSpeak combine them at runtime).
Thankfully though, I do indeed have special permission, because I
collaborated with eSpeak's original author Jonathan Duddington (to
help improve eSpeak's English, Mandarin and Ancient Greek voices and
port it to Mac and PocketPC), and he was happy for my pre-compiled
"non-commercial only" combination to go into Gradint's downloads.
This does however mean these Mac and Windows bundles cannot be
upgraded to eSpeak-NG, since the special permission I received from
Jonathan to make a "non-commercial" OALD-integrated download applies
only to my use of his original eSpeak data: the eSpeak-NG contributors
were not informed. Anyway, my process for adding OALD entries to the
eSpeak data has not been as thoroughly tested on recent versions of
the eSpeak-NG data. Gradint can however work with eSpeak-NG if you
supply it separately, and it is possible that eSpeak-NG's improvements
in its default data have reduced the need for OALD data anyway,
although I'm still choosing to ship old-eSpeak plus OALD in my
Mac and Windows 'bundle' downloads.
windows/ contains a copy of ptts.exe extracted from Jampal from
jampal.sourceforge.net with is GPL, and madplay.exe (I can't remember
how I got this binary but I know madplay is GPL), and now LAME.
qtplay is used by Gradint on OS X 10.4, which lacks afplay.
We bundle qtplay with the Mac version, and it has a BSD-like license
(see qtplay.copyright for details).
Mac and Windows additionally ship SOX which is GPL.
To save on server space, I have not included the source code to the
third-party free software binaries I ship. This is possible because
I am performing an unmodified non-commercial distribution of binaries
whose source is widely available and can easily be found on the
Internet, which is something explicitly allowed by the GPL
(GPLv2 section 3c, GPLv3 section 6d). If anyone has difficulty
obtaining source code for any of these binaries then please let me know.
README.md 0 → 100644
View file @ 10a6ad67
# gradint
Graduated Interval Recall program from http://ssb22.user.srcf.net/gradint
(also mirrored at http://ssb22.gitlab.io/gradint just in case)
Gradint is a program that can be used to make your own self-study audio tapes for learning foreign-language vocabulary. You can use it to help with a course, to prepare for speaking assignments, or just to keep track of the vocabulary you come across.
Gradint uses a variant of the “graduated-interval recall” method published by Pimsleur in 1967. It’s like audio flashcards that appear in a special pattern designed to help you remember. The Pimsleur accelerated language courses use several techniques (they say some are patented), and Gradint does not imitate all that, but this particular 1967 idea is now in the public domain so Gradint can use it to help you learn your own choice of vocabulary.
Gradint gives only audio, so you concentrate on pronunciation. (And so you can listen during daily routines e.g. washing etc, since you don’t have to look or press buttons during a lesson.) Gradint can write its lessons to MP3 or similar files for you to hear later, or it can play them itself and try to adapt to emergency interruptions. The words it uses can be taken from real sound recordings or they can be synthesized by computer. You can add words to your collection at any time, and Gradint can manage collections of thousands of words (and supports batch entry). It can also help you rehearse longer texts such as poems.
Gradint is Free/Libre and Open Source Software distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPL v3).
The Gradint home page (linked above) contains installers for various platforms and details of how to run them. This repository contains the Gradint build environment, including a `Makefile` that can create these installers by packaging up versions of the Python script for various environments (Windows, Mac, Linux, Windows Mobile, S60, Android, RISC OS) plus utilities for running Gradint on a server. Not all of Gradint's functions are available in all environments.
If you are learning Chinese, you might also want Yali Cheng’s Mandarin voice or Cameron Wong’s Cantonese voice. Installers for these may also be found on the Gradint home page, and source in my separate Git repositories `yali-voice`, `yali-lower` and `cameron-voice`. They are larger downloads but less "robotic" than the eSpeak voice.
Once you have installed Gradint, you must tell the program which language(s) you want to learn. On most systems, Gradint will show a GUI which lets you do this. You can also edit the file `settings.txt`.
Then you can give the program some words and phrases to teach. This can be any combination of real recordings and computer-synthesized words, and you can always add more later. You can use the graphical interface (on supported systems), or you can place real recordings in the samples directory and its subdirectories (see the file `README.txt` in the `samples` directory), and add words that you want synthesized by computer to vocab.txt (see the instructions in `vocab.txt`).
If possible, prepare some audio prompts such as “say again” and “do you remember how to say”. These can be real recordings or synthesized text. Some text for English and Chinese is already provided. For any other language you should ideally add your own; for details of how to do this, see the file README.txt in the prompts subdirectory of the samples directory.
You should then be able to run the program every time you want a lesson. For more advanced things, see the settings in the file advanced.txt.
Citation: Silas S. Brown and Peter Robinson. Addressing Print Disabilities in Adult Foreign-language Acquisition. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII 2003, Crete, Greece), Vol.4: Universal Access in HCI, pp 38-42.
gradint-build/S60.zip → S60.zip
View file @ 10a6ad67
File moved
gradint-build/advanced.txt → advanced.txt
View file @ 10a6ad67
......@@ -47,7 +47,8 @@ otherLanguages = ["cant","ko","jp"]
# able to tell the difference between cant_en.wav and an
# ordinary English prompt and might use it wrongly.
possible_otherLanguages = ["cant","ko","jp","en","zh"]
possible_otherLanguages = ["cant","ko","jp","en","zh",
"zhy","zh-yue"]
# You can also fill in otherFirstLanguages below
# (using the same ["item","item"] format) to
......@@ -80,138 +81,71 @@ otherFirstLanguages = []
# where the 2nd column is the prompt phrase and the 1st
# column is the target word.
# ------- GUI "preset collections" buttons ---------
# ---- Speech synthesis options ------------
# If you are giving gradint to your students then you might
# want to bundle it with a pre-made vocabulary collection.
# If this collection is large then it might be good to let
# the student choose which sections to learn first.
# You can have them do that within the GUI:
# 1. Put each section in its own directory (as recorded words or .txt
# files). Name each directory with a name that ends with exclude_from_scan
# (default "_disabled"), e.g. unit1words_disabled, extraWords_disabled, etc.
# 2. If any words are to be added to vocab.txt by a section, then create
# a file add-to-vocab.txt in that directory, with the contents (you'd better
# include a SET LANGUAGE command). (You don't have to do this; you could
# just have sampled words and/or words in .txt files.)
# 3. If any files are to be added to the student's prompts directory, these
# can be placed in an add-to-prompts subdirectory of each section (useful if
# the student already has a gradint installation and you're adding more presets).
# Similarly, if any language abbreviations are to be added to the student's
# otherLanguages and possible_otherLanguages variables, these can be listed
# in a file called add-to-languages.txt (separated by spaces) in each section.
# 4. Create a file short-description.txt for each section. This should be
# very short because it will be displayed on a button in the GUI.
# 5. Optionally create long-description.txt for some sections. This will be
# displayed in a yes/no box asking the user to confirm their addition.
# 6. Put all those _disabled directories into the user's samplesDirectory (or
# drag into the recorded words folder and restart gradint). You can also
# put them in the directory above, to avoid confusing any users who open
# "recorded words".
# (If you're a developer and have downloaded the Gradint build environment,
# you can make a version of Gradint's installation files that bundles your
# presets, by placing the _disabled directories into Gradint's build
# directory before typing "make".)
# eSpeak (if available) will be preferred for the following languages
# (for other languages it's used only if there is no other voice)
# (set this to "" if you don't want to prefer eSpeak for any language)
max_extra_buttons = 12
# - this setting limits the number of "add pre-made collection" buttons that
# are displayed on the screen at one time. Set it to 0 to disable this feature.
prefer_espeak = "en"
# ---- Website options ---
# eSpeak is bundled with the Windows and Mac versions of Gradint
# and can be downloaded at http://espeak.sourceforge.net/
# Any of eSpeak's languages can be used as long as you use the
# same language abbreviations as eSpeak does, e.g. "en" for English,
# "zh" for Zhongwen (Mandarin).
# - You can improve eSpeak's English by installing
# Festival's dictionary and using lexconvert to convert
# it, see http://ssb22.user.srcf.net/lexconvert/
# (this has already been done in the bundled version).
# - eSpeak is not very natural-sounding, but it is very
# clear and accurate in English and some other languages
mp3web = ""
mp3webName = ""
# If you use a website like Forvo that lets you download
# MP3 or WAV pronunciations of words, you can use this from
# within the Gradint GUI by setting the above like this:
# mp3web = "http://www.forvo.com/search/$Word/$Lang"
# mp3webName = "Forvo"
# ($Word is replaced by the word to look for, and
# $Lang by the language code)
# This is not filled in by default because you must check the
# setting below: tell Gradint where to look for your browser's
# downloaded files. The following directories will be tried:
downloadsDirs = ["../Downloads","..\\Desktop"]
# If you then tell Gradint to use an MP3 file you have downloaded,
# Gradint will store it in the synth cache (see below).
# ---- Speech synthesis options ---
# If you have several speech programs on your system,
# you can set their relative priorities here. For example
# if you like one of your MacOS voices better than eSpeak then
# you can move MacOS to before eSpeak (in which case MacOS will be
# used for English and eSpeak for other languages).
# (Other synths, e.g. Festival, FLite, S60, old-RISCOS, will be
# automatically added to the end of the list.)
# (Note: the priority of eSpeak is automatically reduced for
# most non-English languages, so if you explicity install some
# other synth for those languages then it will be used instead)
synth_priorities = "eSpeak MacOS SAPI Ekho"
# SAPI is the name of the Windows speech synthesis system,
# so if you have a Windows voice then it is probably SAPI.
# More details are in vocab.txt. Ekho is Cameron Wong's
# Cantonese synth from eGuideDog and this setting lets Gradint
# use the Ekho program directly on non-Windows systems (on Windows
# it needs to be set as a SAPI voice); if you don't have Ekho on your
# system then Gradint can still use its data as partials (see below)
# but only if there is no English mixed in with the Cantonese phrases.
# You can also set extra_speech to a list of (language prefix,
# command), for example:
# extra_speech=[ ("la","say-latvian"),("de","say-german") ]
# This will take priority over other speech systems.
# The commands must be available and must take a text string
# on the command line. You will not be able to use these
# when the output is going to a sound file.
# YOU DO NOT NEED TO SET THIS if your speech synthesizer is
# supported by default.
extra_speech = []
# If you have speech software which can take a text string
# and output it to a file, you can list that here. Each
# element of the list should be of the form:
# ("la","command with %s for text","resulting filename")
# (generally best to use wav, but mp3 is also supported on
# some systems; see note at end of samples/README)
# The %s argument will already be quoted for the shell if applicable.
extra_speech_tofile = []
# WINDOWS VOICES: Gradint can use Microsoft SAPI 5, which is
# included with Windows XP+ and can be added to earlier versions.
# You can choose which SAPI voices to use here:
sapiVoices = {
# Here you can set extra SAPI 5 voices. The default voice
# will be used for English unless overridden here. If you
# have Neospeech Lily then that will be used for Chinese unless
# overridden here (although Lily is not always accurate).
# Add them in this format but without the # at the beginning:
# "language abbrev" : ("full voice name", rate),
# For example, if you have "ScanSoft Mei-Ling_Full_22kHz"
#
# For example, for Windows 10 voices (if both English and
# Chinese are installed) you can have:
# "en" : ("Microsoft Hazel Desktop", 16000),
# "zh" : ("Microsoft Huihui Desktop", 16000),
# "zhy" : ("Microsoft Tracy Desktop", 16000),
# "zhy-yue" : ("Microsoft Tracy Desktop", 16000),
# "cant" : ("Microsoft Tracy Desktop", 16000),
# (make sure to set prefer_espeak="" if you want the MS English voice)
#
# Or if you have "ScanSoft Mei-Ling_Full_22kHz"
# (which reads most Chinese hanzi quite well, but can't read
# pinyin and sometimes glitches so be careful), you can have
# "zh" : ("ScanSoft Mei-Ling_Full_22kHz", 22050),
# or if you have Loquendo Lisheng (which can pronounce pinyin
# and the June 2008 release is better than Neospeech Lily
# although still not perfect) you can have
#
# or if you have Loquendo Lisheng (which has prosody reminiscent
# of an Italian-Chinese bilingual, and can pronounce pinyin
# with tone numbers as long as you add punctuation at the end)
# you can have
# "zh" : ("Lisheng", 16000),
#
# or for Ekho Cantonese you can have:
# "zhy" : ("Ekho Cantonese", 8000), # or 16000 for v4.5+
# "zhy-yue" : ("Ekho Cantonese", 8000), # ditto
# "cant" : ("Ekho Cantonese", 8000), # ditto
#
# or if you have other voices in other languages, you can
# use them too. Note that FULL voice names must be used,
# exactly as they are shown in the Control Panel under Speech.
# (You may set 'rate' to 0 for the default of 44100.)
# All non-ASCII input to gradint MUST be in UTF-8.
# Note: if you set an "en" voice here, and eSpeak is also
# on the system, remember to reduce the priority of eSpeak
# in synth_priorities above.
# on the system, remember to remove 'en' from "prefer_espeak" above.
# If you don't set an "en" voice but "en" is not in prefer_espeak,
# then the voice set in Control Panel will be used for English.
# If you have Neospeech Lily then that will be used for Chinese ('zh') unless
# overridden here (although Lily is not always accurate).
# (can use pinyin with tone numbers, 5 for neutral tone, v or u: for u-umlaut
# and if possible put spaces between meaningful words; can also use hanzi)
}
sapiSpeeds = {
......@@ -221,11 +155,108 @@ sapiSpeeds = {
# "en": -5, "zh": +3 (but without the # at the beginning)
}
# You can also set the speed of the non-SAPI Ekho voice (if you have it)
# from -50 to +100 (percent, default 0) here:
# MAC OS X VOICES: you can set which voices to use here (if you set
# more than one voice for a language then the first available one is
# used; if you don't set a voice for a language then the first detected
# voice supporting that language is used, unless there's only English
# voices on the system in which case the one set in System Preferences
# is used). Non-English voices might not work on older OS X versions.
# Note: if you want the "en" voice to be used, and eSpeak is also
# on the system, remember to remove 'en' from "prefer_espeak" above.
macVoices = {
"en":"Emily Daniel Alex Vicki",
"zh":"Ting-Ting Tingting", # OS 10.7+, can read hanzi, pinyin+tone numbers (5 for neutral) and English
"cant":"Sin-Ji", # OS 10.7+
"jp":"Kyoko", # OS 10.7+ ("ja" will auto-detect, but we're adding the alias "jp")
"ind":"Damayanti", # OS 10.7+ ("id" will auto-detect: we're adding "ind")
}
# For Mandarin Chinese, you can also use Yali Cheng's syllables
# (see instructions on website) - recommended.
# Language abbreviation must be 'zh'; text should use Hanyu Pinyin with
# a tone number after each syllable and v or u: for u-umlaut
# (and if possible put spaces between meaningful words but
# not between syllables within a word). You can also include hanzi
# if eSpeak is present.
# There are also Cantonese syllables you can download similarly.
# For Cantonese you can also use Cameron Wong's Ekho program if installed
# (language abbreviation 'cant' or 'zh-yue' or 'zhy')
# You can set Ekho's speed from -50 to +100 (percent, default 0) here:
ekho_speed_delta = 0
# (Note: If this is not 0, Ekho will be preferred over partials.)
# ANDROID: set the language of your system's default voice
# (the SL4A module that Gradint uses can't find out for you)
# - normally "en", but some China-modified Android phones
# should set this to "zh" and avoid using pinyin (however I
# have not been able to actually test if SL4A can correctly
# pass a Unicode string to their synths, so perhaps it should
# be set to None and ensure you have recorded prompts)
systemVoice = "en"
# OTHER ENGLISH SYNTHESIZERS (language abbreviation must be "en"):
#
# - Festival Lite on Windows (if all else fails) :
# put flite.exe in the gradint folder
#
# - GNU/Linux: install Festival, or flite for US accent
#
# - S60: the phone's built-in speech can be used
#
# - RISC OS: if for some reason you can't install eSpeak
# as mentioned above, you can instead install an older
# version of Jonathan Duddington's !Speak, or the even
# older "Speech!" utility. These can be used only for
# playing in real-time, not for generating files.
# OTHER MULTI-LANGUAGE SYNTHESISERS:
#
# Piper voices are experimentally supported on GNU/Linux.
# Setup: Download binaries and voices from
# https://github.com/rhasspy/piper
# and put them in the gradint directory (or piper subdirectory)
#
# Coqui voices are experimentally supported on GNU/Linux.
# Setup: pip install coqui-tts[server,zh,ja,ko]
# Then download the voices you want, e.g.:
# from TTS.api import TTS;langs = {}
# for m in TTS().list_models(): langs.setdefault(m.split('/')[1].split('-')[0],[]).append(m)
#
# TTS(langs["zh"][0])
# TTS('tts_models/en/jenny/jenny')
# (If any model crashes during download, be sure to delete the
# result from ~/.local/share/tts before running Gradint. For
# example vocoder_models--ja--kokoro--hifigan_v1 may crash.
# I did say support for these voices is experimental.)
# Gradint detects voices that have been downloaded
# (but prefer_espeak overrides this). The Chinese
# voice does NOT support pinyin.
# You can also set extra_speech to a list of
# (language prefix, command), for example:
# extra_speech=[ ("la","say-latvian"),("de","say-german") ]
# This will take priority over other speech systems.
# The commands must be available and must take a text string
# on the command line. You will not be able to use these
# when the output is going to a sound file.
# YOU DO NOT NEED TO SET THIS if your speech synthesizer is
# supported by default.
extra_speech = []
# If you have speech software which can take a text string
# and output it to a file, you can list that here. Each
# element of the list should be of the form:
# ("la","command with %s for text","resulting filename")
# (generally best to use wav, but mp3 is also supported on
# some systems; see note at end of samples/README)
# The %s argument will already be quoted for the shell if applicable.
extra_speech_tofile = []
# Another thing you can do is to selectively override the
# speech synthesis of certain words. To do this, set
# synthCache (below) to a directory, and in that directory
......@@ -243,11 +274,9 @@ ekho_speed_delta = 0
# not allow in filenames, then you can make a TRANS.TBL file
# inside the synthCache directory (the first word of each
# line is the real filename and the rest of the line is the
# filename that you want gradint to see). On RISC OS this
# should be called TRANS/TBL, and remember to specify /wav
# rather than .wav in its contents. It is also advisable
# not to include spaces in any of the real filenames on RISC
# OS, because RISC OS Python can't always cope.
# filename that you want gradint to see).
# On RISC OS, try not to include spaces in any of the real
# filenames, because RISC OS Python can't always cope.
synthCache = ""
......@@ -345,7 +374,7 @@ lily_file = "C:\\Program Files\\NeoSpeech\\Lily16\\data-common\\userdict\\userdi
# somewhere under C:\Program Files\VW\VT\Lily\M16-SAPI5\lib\
# but I don't know exactly)
# If you want to use SAPI under WINE in Linux
# If you want to use SAPI under WINE in GNU/Linux
# then you can set ptts_program:
ptts_program = None
# (hint: run winecfg and set Windows version to Millenium (ME)
......@@ -431,13 +460,13 @@ partialsDirectory = "partials"
# the other voices (but still put a default header.wav in partials).
# If you don't like having so many *.raw files in a directory
# then you can also do (in a Unix evironment such as OSX or Cygwin) :
# wc -c *.raw | grep -v total$ | sed -e 's/^ *//' > audiodata.dat ; cat *.raw >> audiodata.dat ; rm *.raw
# wc -c *.raw | grep -v total$ | sed -e 's/^ *//' > audiodata.dat && cat *.raw >> audiodata.dat && rm *.raw
# You can also store syllables using UTF-8 filenames, but some systems may
# have difficulty storing all of these (especially for Korean); therefore
# you can use Unicode escaping in filenames, e.g. _ud79d for Unicode D79D
# (equivalent to UTF-8 sequence ED 9E 9D). Example conversion command:
# for N in *; do cp "$N" "/path/to/fat/$(python -c "print repr('$N'.decode('utf-8'))[2:-1].replace(r'\\u','_u')")";done
# for N in *; do cp "$N" "/path/to/fat/$(python2 -c "print repr('$N'.decode('utf-8'))[2:-1].replace(r'\\u','_u')")";done
# When using partials, you can change the length of pause
# between phrases by changing the following (in seconds) :
......@@ -460,6 +489,84 @@ partials_are_sporadic = 0
# set a default in voiceOption below (blank is normal, or set to "-low" etc)
voiceOption = ""
# On Unix-like systems (that support pipes) there is also an option
# to specify external programs to preprocess all input to espeak for
# a specified language. For example if you've used Annotator Generator
# to generate a Chinese-to-pinyin program that's better than espeak
# then you can use this.
espeak_preprocessors={
# for example:
# "zh":"./annotate --raw",
# "zhy":"./annotate --seg",
}
# ------- GUI "preset collections" buttons ---------
# If you are giving gradint to your students then you might
# want to bundle it with a pre-made vocabulary collection.
# If this collection is large then it might be good to let
# the student choose which sections to learn first.
# You can have them do that within the GUI:
# 1. Put each section in its own directory (as recorded words or .txt
# files). Name each directory with a name that ends with exclude_from_scan
# (default "_disabled"), e.g. unit1words_disabled, extraWords_disabled, etc.
# 2. If any words are to be added to vocab.txt by a section, then create
# a file add-to-vocab.txt in that directory, with the contents (you'd better
# include a SET LANGUAGE command). (You don't have to do this; you could
# just have sampled words and/or words in .txt files.)
# 3. If any files are to be added to the student's prompts directory, these
# can be placed in an add-to-prompts subdirectory of each section (useful if
# the student already has a gradint installation and you're adding more presets).
# Similarly, if any language abbreviations are to be added to the student's
# otherLanguages and possible_otherLanguages variables, these can be listed
# in a file called add-to-languages.txt (separated by spaces) in each section.
# 4. Create a file short-description.txt for each section. This should be
# very short because it will be displayed on a button in the GUI.
# 5. Optionally create long-description.txt for some sections. This will be
# displayed in a yes/no box asking the user to confirm their addition.
# 6. Put all those _disabled directories into the user's samplesDirectory (or
# drag into the recorded words folder and restart gradint). You can also
# put them in the directory above, to avoid confusing any users who open
# "recorded words".
# (If you're a developer and have downloaded the Gradint build environment,
# you can make a version of Gradint's installation files that bundles your
# presets, by placing the _disabled directories into Gradint's build
# directory before typing "make".)
# If you just want to disable one of your samples subdirectories, you
# may simply rename the directory to something ending with exclude_from_scan
# (default "_disabled") and DON'T add short-description.txt.
max_extra_buttons = 12
# - this setting limits the number of "add pre-made collection" buttons that
# are displayed on the screen at one time. Set it to 0 to disable this feature.
# ---- Website options ---
mp3web = ""
mp3webName = ""
# If you use a website that lets you download
# MP3 or WAV pronunciations of words, you can use this from
# within the Gradint GUI by setting the above like this:
# mp3web = "http://www.example.com/search/$Word/$Lang"
# mp3webName = "Example"
# ($Word is replaced by the word to look for, and
# $Lang by the language code)
# Also you need to tell Gradint where to look for your browser's
# downloaded files. The following directories will be tried:
downloadsDirs = ["../Downloads","..\\Desktop"]
# If you then tell Gradint to use an MP3 file you have downloaded,
# Gradint will store it in the synth cache (see below).
# If you set downloadsDirs = []
# then Gradint will not check for downloaded files, but will just
# point the browser to the site. This might be useful for situations
# when you just want to check if words are there or not.
# ---- Options for outputting lessons to sound files and adding comments ------
# Sometimes it is useful to get gradint to output a lesson
......@@ -472,8 +579,8 @@ outputFile = ""
# Depending on the extension you specify, you will need a
# copy of LAME (for MP3), TooLame (for MP2), oggenc (for
# OGG), faac (for AAC) or speexenc (for SPX). On Windows
# put the .exe in the gradint folder; on other systems you can
# OGG), neroAacEnc or faac (for AAC) or speexenc (for SPX).
# On Windows put the .exe in the gradint folder; on other systems
# put the binary in either the gradint folder or the PATH.
# You will also need "sox" (you may already have this).
......@@ -595,10 +702,10 @@ ask_teacherMode = 0
maxNewWords = 5
maxReviseBeforeNewWords = 3
newInitialNumToTry = 5
recentInitialNumToTry = 3
newWordsTryAtLeast = 3 # if introducing a new word and can't
# fit in this number of times, don't bother
newInitialNumToTry = 5 # try to repeat a new word 5x
recentInitialNumToTry = 3 # and recently-learned one 3x
newWordsTryAtLeast = 3 # if a new word won't fit 3x,
# exclude it (leave it till a future lesson)
knownThreshold = 5 # after which it won't repeat so much
reallyKnownThreshold = 10 # after which never added before new words
meaningTestThreshold = 20 # or 0; if >= this then 50% chance of "what meaning" test
......@@ -606,6 +713,9 @@ randomDropThreshold = 14 # after which drop some words even if they can fit
randomDropLevel = 0.67 # fraction of above that is dropped
randomDropThreshold2 = 35 # (or set to the same as above)
randomDropLevel2 = 0.97
seedless = 0 # set this to 1 to make all "random" choices
# reproducible (on the same installation), in case you
# need to reproduce the same Gradint run exactly
shuffleConstant = 2.0 # Used to control how much the number
# of repetitions matters when it is high. Higher values of
# this constant mean it doesn't matter so much and samples
......@@ -615,6 +725,7 @@ transitionPromptThreshold = 10 # after repeating a prompt
advancedPromptThreshold = 20 # ONLY use target-language prompt
transitionPromptThreshold2 = 2 # for 3rd, 4th etc languages
advancedPromptThreshold2 = 5
veryExperiencedThreshold = 1000 # total repetitions until fewer prompts are used
limit_words = max(1,int(maxNewWords * 0.4)) # num words to
# include from limited directories. Done separately for
# EACH limited directory, but limits deeper in the tree are
......@@ -672,7 +783,7 @@ gui_output_directory = "output"
# in which case the first directory that EXISTS will be used
# (or the last one on the list if all else fail).
# Useful if the directory to your MP3 player only appears when
# it's plugged in for example. With Linux automounters you can
# it's plugged in for example. With GNU/Linux automounters
# set "/media/*" as one of the directories, and it will expand to
# whatever removable device is mounted IF there is only one.
......@@ -699,7 +810,7 @@ import_recordings_from = [r"\My Documents", r"\Storage Card\My Documents", r"\Ra
# This can be useful to catch words with the Notes app on a PocketPC
# (which saves its recordings to \My Documents by default).
# ------- GUI translation dictionary ---------
# ------- GUI translation (localisation) dictionary --------
# The format of this is:
# {"en phrase A":{"laX":u"language X translation", "laY":"language Y translation", ...}, "en phrase B":{...}, ...}
......@@ -714,7 +825,8 @@ GUI_translations={
"Word in %s":{"zh":u"%s"},
"Meaning in %s":{"zh":u"%s意思"},
"en":{"zh":u"英文"},
"zh":{"zh":u"中文"},
"zh":{"zh":u"汉语","zh2":u"漢語"},
"cant":{"zh":u"粵語","zh2":u"廣東話"},
"Your first language":{"zh":u"母语","zh2":u"母語"},
"second":{"zh":u"学习的语言","zh2":u"學習的語言"},
"Change languages":{"zh":u"选择其他语言","zh2":u"選擇其他語言"},
......@@ -783,6 +895,11 @@ GUI_translations={
"More than 30 minutes is rarely more helpful. Reduce to 30?":{"zh":u"超过30分钟很少有帮助。我减少到30好吗?","zh2":"超過30分鐘很少有幫助。我減少到30好嗎?"},
"Less than 20 minutes can be a rush. Increase to 20?":{"zh":u"缺乏20分钟可以太赶紧了。我增长到20好吗?","zh2":"缺乏20分鐘可以太趕緊了。我增長到20好嗎?"},
"Proceed anyway?":{"zh":u"反正继续?","zh2":"反正繼續"},
"Just speak a word":{"zh":u"使用机器声音说一词","zh2":u"使用機器聲音說一詞"},
"Add word to my vocab":{"zh":u"把词加到词汇表","zh2":u"把詞加到詞彙表"},
"Make lesson from vocab":{"zh":u"做课","zh2":u"做課"},
"Make lesson":{"zh":u"做课","zh2":u"做課"},
"Record word(s) with mic":{"zh":u"从麦克风录音词语","zh2":u"從麥克風錄音詞語"},
}
# scriptVariants optionally maps language abbreviation to default script
......@@ -845,6 +962,21 @@ oss_sound_device = ""
soundVolume = 1
# If you want you can completely override the way Gradint
# tries to play sound on Unix systems by filling in these:
wavPlayer = ""
mp3Player = ""
# If left blank they will be detected automatically.
# For example if your PC has no speakers and you want to send
# all sound to a LAN-attached NSLU2 you can do something like
# wavPlayer = "nc nslu2 8124 -q 0 <"
# mp3Player = "nc nslu2 8125 -q 0 <"
# and set up entries in /etc/inetd.conf on the NSLU2 to run
# appropriate scripts (note that this method does not communicate
# play failures and delays back to Gradint, so it's up to your
# scripts to handle these)
# If soundVolume is not 1, only wavPlayer will be used.
# On non-Windows systems (or on Windows if you are running
# from the Python source) you can here specify a file to
# save the lesson to (in Python pickle format) and re-load
......@@ -884,6 +1016,7 @@ justSaveLesson = 0
# progressFile is large and is kept on a Flash storage
# device with slow write speed. (binary progress files and
# saved lessons are also compressed when this is set.)
# If using fusecompress then you might not need this.
compress_progress_file = 0
......@@ -894,7 +1027,8 @@ compress_progress_file = 0
# kind of mount then leave it at 0 (it just takes more time).
# (Note: curlftpfs reliability is worse if you use transform_symlinks
# and point gradint to 2 symlinks in the remote filesystem,
# e.g. samples and synth-cache: curlftpfs may confuse them!)
# e.g. samples and synth-cache: curlftpfs may confuse them!
# sshfs better, but best setup is sync before/after running)
paranoid_file_management = 0
......@@ -912,6 +1046,15 @@ paranoid_file_management = 0
once_per_day = 0
# If you set disable_once_per_day (below) to 1, the above
# once_per_day logic will be disabled even if it's on the command line,
# and Gradint will exit silently if once_per_day is 3 (i.e. run from
# startup). This can be used for a "disable running at startup" option.
# Set disable_once_per_day to 2 if you want the GUI to ask
# (this is done by the Windows installer).
disable_once_per_day = 0
# Besides altering this file, you can also put assignment
# statements on the command line of gradint.py. In that
# case runInBackground=0 is assumed and
......
build-sync.sh deleted 100644 → 0
View file @ 0747b151
#!/bin/bash
# Sync gradint build environment to SVN
wget -N http://people.pwf.cam.ac.uk/ssb22/gradint/gradint-build.7z || exit 1
rm -rf gradint
7z x gradint-build.7z || exit 1
diff -r gradint-build gradint|grep "^Only in gradint-build"|grep -v \\.svn|sed -e 's,Only in ,svn del ",' -e 's,: ,/,' -e 's/$/"/'|bash
cp -pur gradint/* gradint-build/
find gradint|grep -v \\.svn|sed -e 's/gradint/gradint-build/' -e 's/^/svn add "/' -e 's/$/"/'|bash
rm -rf gradint gradint-build.7z # if need to save space
if test "a$Msg" == a; then export Msg="Gradint update"; fi
svn commit -m "$Msg"
charlearn/characters.txt 0 → 100644
View file @ 10a6ad67
charset: gb2312
的 [de5] /(possessive particle)/of/
一 [yi1] /a(n)/one/single/
了 [le5] /(modal partical intenstifying preceding clause)/(past tense marker)/
是 [shi4] /am/are/is/to be/yes/
我 [wo3] /I/me/myself/
不 [bu4] /(negative prefix)/no/not/
在 [zai4] /(located) at/exist/in/
人 [ren2] /man/people/person/
们 [men5] /(plural marker for pronouns and a few animate nouns)/
有 [you3] /have/have; possess/there are/there is/to be/to exist/to have/
来 [lai2] /*/[surname]/approx.; over (numbers)/arrive/come/ever since/future/take place/to come/
他 [ta1] /he/him/
这 [zhe4] /these/this/
上 [shang4] /above/first (of two parts)/higher/on/on top/previous/previous or last (week, etc.)/to climb/to go into/to go up/upon/upper/
着 [zhe5] /-ing (indicates an action in progress)/part. indicates accompanying action/
个 [ge4] /(a measure word)/individual/
地 [di4] /background/distance/earth/field/ground/ground; floor/land/land; soil/place/place; locality/position; situation/the earth/
到 [dao4] /to (a place)/to arrive/to go/until (a time)/up to/
大 [da4] /big/deep/eldest/great/huge/large/major/oldest/wide/
里 [li3] /2 kilometer/Chinese mile/[surname]/furlong/in/inside/li, a Chinese unit of length = 1/miles/neighborhood/village/within/
说 [shuo1] /to say/to speak/
去 [qu4] /to go/to leave/to remove/
子 [zi3] /"son/11 p.m.-1 a.m./1st earthly branch/[surname]"/child/egg/midnight/person/seed/seed; egg/small thing/son/sth. small & hard/young (animal, veg.)/\n[zi5] /(noun suff.)/
得 [de2] /allow/contented/finished/gain/get/obtain/permit/proper/proud/ready/suitable/\n[de5] /a sentence particle used after a verb to show effect/degree or possiblility/
也 [ye3] /also/too/
和 [he2] /and/harmony/peace/together with/union/with/\n[he4] /cap (a poem)/respond in singing/
那 [na3] /how/which/\n[na4] /that/those/
要 [yao1] /ask/coerce/demand/request/\n[yao4] /important/must/to be going to/to want/vital/
下 [xia4] /below/down(wards)/latter/lower/next (week, etc.)/second (of two parts)/to decline/to go down/under/underneath/
看 [kan1] /to guard/to look after/to take care of/to watch/\n[kan4] /it depends/look/see/think/to look at/to see/watch/
天 [tian1] /day/heaven/sky/
时 [shi2] /O'clock/hour/period/season/time/when/
过 [guo4] /(past tense marker)/(surname)/to cross/to get along/to go over/to live/to pass (time)/
出 [chu1] /(a measure word for dramas, plays, or operas)/to come out/to go beyond/to go out/to happen/to occur/to produce/to put forth/to rise/
小 [xiao3] /few/small/tiny/young/
么 [me5] /(interrog. suff.)/
起 [qi3] /to get up/to raise/to rise/
你 [ni3] /you/
都 [dou1] /all/all (referring to causes)/all; also/all; both/already/both (if two things are involved)/entirely (due to)each/even/
把 [ba3] /(a measure word)/(marker for direct-object)/handle/to contain/to grasp/to hold/to take hold of/
好 [hao3] /fine/good/good(fine)/well/\n[hao4] /be fond of/
还 [hai2] /(not) yet/also/else/in addition/more/still/yet/
多 [duo1] /a lot of/many/much/multi-/numerous/
没 [mei2] /(negative prefix for verbs)/have not/not/
为 [wei2] /act as/take...to be/to be/to become/to do/to serve as/\n[wei4] /because of/for/to/
又 [you4] /(once) again/again/also/both... and.../
可 [ke3] /(particle used for emphasis)/able to/can/certain(ly)/may/to suit/
家 [jia1] /* (addressing senior)/* (profession)/-er/-ian/-ist/MW (families; enterprises)/[surname]/a person engaged in a certain art or profession/domestic; tamed/family/furniture/home/household; family/school of thought/tool/
学 [xue2] /-ology/branch of learning/imitate/knowledge/learn/learning/school/science/study/subject of study/
只 [zhi1] /(a measure word, for birds and some animals, etc.)/M for one of a pair/only/single/\n[zhi3] /but/just/merely/only/
以 [yi3] /according to/because/by/in order to/so as to/to use/with/
主 [zhu3] /Lord/[surname]/advocate/be in charge of/freedom from doubt/host/lord/main/master/primary/to host/to own/
会 [hui4] /association/be able to/be possible/can/group/to assemble/to gather/to meet/to see/union/
样 [yang4] /appearance/manner/pattern/shape/way/
年 [nian2] /[surname]/year/
想 [xiang3] /intend/think/to believe/to miss/to suppose/to think/to want/to wish/want to/
能 [neng2] /able/can/capable/energy/may/
生 [sheng1] /"birth, give"/[surname]/extremely/get/give birth to/grow/life/light (a fire)/livelihood/living/raw/stiff/student/to be born/to give birth/to grow/unfamiliar/unripe/
同 [tong2] /alike/like/same/similar/together/with/
老 [lao3] /(a prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family to indicate affection or familiarity)/old (of people)/
中 [zhong1] /China/Chinese/among/center/during/in/middle/while (doing sth)/within/\n[zhong4] /hit (the mark)/
从 [cong1] /lax/unhurried/yielding/\n[cong2] /follow/from/obey/observe/
自 [zi4] /from/oneself/self/since/
面 [mian4] /"face/*/MW: flat & smooth"/aspect/face/fade/flour/noodles/personally/powder/scale, range/side/side, aspect/surface/surface, top/top/wheat flour/\n[mian3] /inundation/name of a river/
前 [qian2] /ago/before/earlier/former/front/in front/previous/
头 [tou2] /MW (bulb of garlic)/MW (domestic animals)/beginning or end/chief; head/first/hair style/head/leading/remnant/side; aspect/top; end/\n[tou5] /suff. for nouns/
到 [dao4] /to (a place)/to arrive/to go/until (a time)/up to/
它 [ta1] /it/
后 [hou4] /queen/
然 [ran2] /-ly/correct/like this/right/so/thus/
走 [zou3] /to go/to move/to walk/
很 [hen3] /extremely/very/
像 [xiang4] /(look) like/appearance/elephant/image/like/like; similar/look/picture/portrait/resemble/seem/similar (to)/to appear/to look/to seem/
见 [jian4] /to appear (to be sth)/to interview/to meet/to see/
两 [liang3] /a few/both/ounce/some/tael/two/
用 [yong4] /to use/use/
她 [ta1] /she/
国 [guo2] /country/nation/state/
动 [dong4] /to act/to change/to move/to use/
进 [jin4] /advance/enter/to come in/
成 [cheng2] /accomplish/become/complete/finish/one tenth/succeed/turn into/win/
回 [hui2] /(a measure word for matters or actions) a time/to answer/to circle/to go back/to return/to revolve/to turn around/
什 [shi2] /tenth/
边 [bian1] /border/boundary/edge/margin/side/
作 [zuo4] /to do/to make/to regard as/to take (somebody) for/
对 [dui4] /correct (answer)/couple/for/pair/right/to/to answer/to be opposite/to direct (towards sth)/to face/to oppose/to reply/
开 [kai1] /open/operate (vehicle)/start/
而 [er2] /(shows causal relation)/(shows change of state)/(shows contrast)/and/as well as/but (not)/yet (not)/
已 [yi3] /afterwards/already/then/to stop/
些 [xie1] /(a measure word)/few/several/some/
现 [xian4] /appear/current/existing/now/present/
山 [shan1] /"mount, mountain"/[surname]/hill/mountain/
民 [min2] /citizen/nationality/the people/
候 [hou4] /wait/
经 [jing1] /classics/pass through/sacred book/scripture/to undergo/
发 [fa1] /to develop/to issue/to send out/to show (one's feeling)/\n[fa4] /hair/
工 [gong1] /craft/labor/profession/skill/trade/work/worker/works/
向 [xiang4] /direction/guide/opposite to/part/side/to/towards/
事 [shi4] /affair/item/matter/thing/work/
命 [ming4] /fate/life/
给 [gei3] /(passive particle)/for/for the benefit of/to/to allow/to do sth (for sb)/to give/
长 [chang2] /always/constantly/forever/length/long/strong point; forte/
水 [shui3] /[surname]/river/water/
几 [ji1] /almost/small table/\n[ji3] /a few/how many/how much/several/
义 [yi4] /[surname]/justice/meaning/righteous(-ness)/\n[yi2] /to leave behind/to lose/
三 [san1] /three/
声 [sheng1] /(a measure word, used for sounds)/noise/sound/tone/voice/
于 [yu2] /(surname)/at/in/\n[yu4] /better/heal/to recover/
高 [gao1] /[surname]/height/high/superior/tall/
正 [zheng1] /Chinese 1st month of year/\n[zheng4] /correct/just (right)/main/principle/straight/upright/
妈 [ma1] /ma/mamma/
手 [shou3] /convienent/hand/
知 [zhi1] /to be aware/to know/
理 [li3] /inner principle or structure/logic/reason/science/
眼 [yan3] /eye/
志 [zhi4] /mark/sign/the will/to record/write a footnote/
点 [dian3] /(a measure word)/(decimal) point)/(downwards-right convex character stroke)/MW:\n[used to indicate time]/MW: a little; some/aspect; feature/check; check to see that the number is correct/dot/dot; spot; speck/drip/drop/hint; point out/hour/light; kindle/o'clock/point/put a dot/select; choose/touch on briefly/
心 [xin1] /heart/mind/
战 [zhan4] /battle/fight/to fight/war/
二 [er4] /two/
问 [wen4] /to ask/
但 [dan4] /[surname]/but/but; yet; nevertheless/however/merely/only/still/yet/
身 [shen1] /(a measure word used for clothes) suit/body/life/person/pregnancy/status/torso/
方 [fang1] /direction/just/quadrilateral/square/
实 [shi2] /honest/real/really/solid/true/
吃 [chi1] /absorb; soak up/destroy/eat/eat at/eat; take/eradicate/exhaust; be a strain/feed(to eat)/live on/receive/suffer; incur/wipe out/
做 [zuo4] /to do/to make/to produce/
叫 [jiao4] /to (be) call(ed)/
当 [dang1] /during/equal/just at/just at (a time or place)/manage/match equally/obstruct/on the spot/ought/right/same/should/to act as/to be/when/withstand/\n[dang4] /adequate/at or in the very same.../fitting/proper/replace/represent/suitable/to pawn/
住 [zhu4] /"reside/* (indicating a halt, standstill etc.)"/cease/live; dwell/to dwell/to live/to reside/to stop/
听 [ting1] /administer/allow; let/hear/heed; obey/listen/listen; hear/obey/tin; can/\n[ting4] /allow/let/
革 [ge2] /leather/remove/
打 [da2] /dozen/\n[da3] /[indic. certain body movements]/adopt; use/beat/beat up/break/break; smash/build/buy/calculate/catch; hunt/collect; reap/construct/dig/dispatch/draw/engage in/estimate/fetch/fight/fight; attack/forge/from/from; since/get rid of/issue/knit; weave/make/mix up/play/raise/shoot/since/slap/spray; spread/strike/strike; hit/tie up/work out/
呢 [ne5] /(question particle)/
真 [zhen1] /[surname]/clearly/genuine/genuine(-ly)/real/real(-ly)/true/true(-ly)/unmistakably/
党 [dang3] /[surname]/association/club/gang; clique; faction/party/political party/society/
全 [quan2] /[surname]/all/complete/entire/entire or whole/entirely/every/intact; perfect/whole/
才 [cai2] /[for emphasis]/[indicates condition stated in subordinate clause is a prerequisite]/[indicates that sth. has just happened or is rather late by general standards]/[number is small] only/[surname]/ability/ability; talent; gift/an expert/endowment/gift/just/not until/only (then)/only if/people of a certain type/talent/then; afterwards/
四 [si4] /four/
已 [yi3] /afterwards/already/then/to stop/
所 [suo3] /actually/place/
敌 [di2] /enemy/match/
之 [zhi1] /(literary equivalent of 的)/(subor. part.)/her/him/it/
最 [zui4] /(the) most/-est/
光 [guang1] /[surname]/bare/bright/glory/light/light; illumination/luminary(light)/only/ray/scenery/smooth/used up/
产 [chan3] /estate/give birth/produce/products/property/resources/to produce/to reproduce/
情 [qing2] /emotion/feeling/passion/situation/
路 [lu4] /(surname)/[surname]/path/road/way/
分 [fen1] /(a measure word)/(a unit of length = 0.33 centimeter)/MW/distribute/divide/minute/part/to divide/\n[fen4] /part/
总 [zong3] /always/chief/gather/general/head/in every case/overall/to assemble/total/
条 [tiao2] /(measure word for ribbon)/a strip/article/etc./item/river/
白 [bai2] /(made) clear/White (as a symbol of reaction)/[surname]/blank/bright/clear/empty/free of charge/gratuitous/in vain; to no effect/mispronounced/plain/pure/pure; plain; blank/snow-white/snowy/spoken part in opera/state; explain/white/wrongly written/
话 [hua4] /conversation/dialect/language/speech/spoken words/talk/utterance/what someone said/word/words/
东 [dong1] /east/
席 [xi2] /banquet/place/seat/woven mat/
次 [ci4] /(measure word)/next/nth/number (of times)/order/second(ary)/sequence/
亲 [qin1] /closely related/dear/intimate/parent/relation/
如 [ru2] /as (if)/such as/
被 [bei4] /blanket/by (marker for passive-voice sentences or clauses)/quilt/to cover/to wear/
花 [hua1] /blossom/fancy pattern/flower/to spend (money, time)/
口 [kou3] /(a measure word)/Great Wall gateway/MW/age of draft animal/hole; cut/knife edge/mouth/opening; entrance/
放 [fang4] /to free/to let go/to let out/to place/to put/to release/
儿 [er2] /son/\n[er5] /non-syllabic dimi. suff./
常 [chang2] /[surname]/always/common/constant/ever/frequently/frequently; often/general/invariable/often/often; frequent/ordinary; common; normal/
西 [xi1] /west/
气 [qi4] /air/anger/gas/smell/to be enraged/to get angry/to make sb. angry/vital breath/weather/
五 [wu3] /5/five/
第 [di4] /(prefix before a number, for ordering numbers, eg, "first", "number two", etc)/
使 [shi3] /cause/make(let)/messenger/to cause/to employ/to enable/to make/to use/
写 [xie3] /to write/write/
军 [jun1] /arms/army/military/
吧 [ba1] /(onomat.)/dumb/\n[ba5] /(modal particle indicating polite suggestion)/...OK?/...right?/
文 [wen2] /culture/formal/language/literary/writing/
运 [yun4] /fate/fortune/luck/to move/to transport/to user/
在 [zai4] /(located) at/exist/in/
果 [guo3] /fruit/result/
怎 [zen3] /how/
定 [ding4] /to decide/to determine/to fix/to order/to set/
许 [xu3] /(surname)/to allow/to permit/to praise/
快 [kuai4] /fast/quick/swift/
明 [ming2] /bright/clear/next/to understand/
行 [xing2] /OK/all right/capable/competent/okay/temporary/to do/to go/to travel/to walk/will do/\n[xing4] /behavior/conduct/
因 [yin1] /because/cause/reason/
别 [bie2] /another/classify/depart/distinguish/do not/leave/must not/other/seperate/to pin/\n[bie4] /awkward/contrary/difficult/
飞 [fei1] /flutter/fly/hover/swiftly/to fly/
外 [wai4] /external/foreign/in addition/outside/
树 [shu4] /[surname]/tree/
物 [wu4] /matter/object/thing/
活 [huo2] /alive/living/to live/work/workmanship/
部 [bu4] /(a measure word for works of literature, films, machines, etc.)/(a measure word)/board/department/division/ministry/part/section/troops/
门 [men2] /MW/[surname]/door/entrance/family/field of endeavor/gate/gate(door)/knack/school (of thought)/sect/valve; switch/
无 [wu2] /-less/no/none/not/not to have/to lack/un-/
往 [wang3] /past/previous/to go (in a direction)/towards/\n[wang4] /(of a train) bound for/toward/
船 [chuan2] /a boat/boat/boat; ship/ship/vessel/
望 [wang4] /expect/hope/look towards/to gaze (into the distance)/to visit/towards/
新 [xin1] /[surname]/meso- (chem.)/new/newly/
带 [dai4] /[suggesting doing sth. at an opportune moment]/and/area/band/bear; have; with/belt/belt; girdle; ribbon; band; tape/bring/carry/consists of/girdle/lead/lead; head/look after; bring up; raise/region/ribbon/show/take; bring; carry/tyre/wear/zone/
队 [dui4] /group/squadron/team/
先 [xian1] /early/first/former/in advance/prior/
力 [li4] /force/power/strength/
完 [wan2] /complete/entire/to be over/to finish/whole/
间 [jian1] /(measure word)/among/between/space/\n[jian4] /interstice/separate/
却 [que4] /but/however/nevertheless/to decline/to go back/to retreat/while/yet/yet; but/
站 [zhan4] /stand/station/stop/to halt/to stand/to stop/
代 [dai4] /[surname]/age/dynasty/era/generation/geological era/historical period/period/replace/substitute/take the place of; act for (or on behalf of) others/
员 [yuan2] /employee/member/person/
机 [ji1] /machine/opportunity/secret/
更 [geng1] /to change/\n[geng4] /even more/further/more/still/still more/
九 [jiu3] /9/nine/
您 [nin2] /you (formal)/you (polite & respect form)/
每 [mei3] /each/every/
风 [feng1] /[surname]/custom/draft/manner/news/news; information/scene; view/style/style; practice; custome/wind/
级 [ji2] /grade/level/rank/step/
跟 [gen1] /and/heel/to follow/to go with/with/
笑 [xiao4] /laugh/smile/
啊 [a1] /(interj.)/ah/\n[a2] /an interjection/to express doubt or to question/to show realization/to stress/\n[a3] /(interj. for surprise)/\n[a4] /oh (interjection)/\n[a5] /(a modal particle showing affirmation, approval, or consent)/
孩 [hai2] /child/
万 [wan4] /(surname)/10,000/a great number/ten thousand/
少 [shao3] /few/lack/little/\n[shao4] /young/
直 [zhi2] /directly/frank/straight/straightly/upright/vertical/
意 [yi4] /desire/idea/meaning/wish/\n[yi1] /clothes/\n[yi4] /gown/to dress/to wear/
夜 [ye4] /night/
比 [bi3] /(particle used for comparison and "-er than")/ratio/to compare/to contrast/to gesture (with hands)/\n[bi4] /associate with/be near/
阶 [jie1] /rank or step/stairs/
连 [lian2] /(surname)/as/even/join/successively/to link/
车 [che1] /a vehicle/car/machine/to shape with a lathe/
重 [zhong4] /heavy/serious/
便 [bian4] /convenient/easy/handy/ordinary/plain/so/then/thus/to relieve oneself/
斗 [dou3] /Chinese peck/\n[dou4] /fight/incite/to battle/to fight/to incite/to struggle/
马 [ma3] /21st of month (tele.)/Ma (a surname)/[surname]/horse/
哪 [na3] /how/which/\n[na5] /(final part. preceded by N)/
化 [hua4] /-ization/to ... -ize/to change into/to make into/to transform/
太 [tai4] /extremely/greatest/highest/too (much)/very/
指 [zhi3] /finger/to direct/to indicate/to point/
变 [bian4] /rebellion/to become different/to change/to transform/to vary/
社 [she4] /group/society/
似 [si4] /like/similar/to appear/to resemble/to seem/
士 [shi4] /knight/scholar/warrior/
者 [zhe3] /-ist, -er (person)/person (who does sth)/
干 [gan1] /dry/shield/to concern/\n[gan4] /manage/stem/to do/to manage/to work/
石 [shi2] /rock/stone/
满 [man3] /Manchurian/filled/packed/to fulfill/to full/
决 [jue2] /breach (a dyke)/to decide/to determine/
百 [bai3] /hundred/
原 [yuan2] /cause/former/level/original/primary/raw/source/
拿 [na2] /to apprehend/to catch/to hold/to seize/to take/
群 [qun2] /MW/crowd/flock/group/
究 [jiu1] /after all/to investigate/to study carefully/
各 [ge4] /each/every/
六 [liu4] /six/
本 [ben3] /(a measure word)/basis/foundation/origin/root/roots or stems of plants/source/the current/this/
思 [si1] /to consider/to think/
解 [jie3] /to break up/to divide/to emancipate/to explain/to loosen/to separate/to untie/\n[jie4] /transport under guard/
立 [li4] /set up/to stand/
河 [he2] /river/
爸 [ba4] /dad/father/pa/papa/
村 [cun1] /village/
八 [ba1] /8/eight/
难 [nan2] /difficult/difficult (to...)/difficulty/not good/problem/\n[nan4] /disaster/distress/to scold/
早 [zao3] /early/morning/
论 [lun4] /by the/discuss/per/theory/to discuss/to talk (about)/
吗 [ma3] /morphine/\n[ma5] /(question tag)/
根 [gen1] /MW (long & thin objects)/basis/cause; origin/radical (chem.)/root/root; foot; base/source; root/
共 [gong4] /all together/common/general/in while/to share/together/
让 [rang4] /have (someone do something)/permit/to allow/to ask/to let/to yield/
相 [xiang1] /each other/mutually/one another/\n[xiang4] /appearance/picture/portrait/
研 [yan2] /grind fine/research/study/
今 [jin1] /current/modern/now/present/this/today/
其 [qi2] /her/his/it (refers to sth preceding it)/its/such/that/theirs/
书 [shu1] /book/letter/
坐 [zuo4] /to sit/to take (a bus, aeroplane etc.)/to take a seat/
接 [jie1] /to connect/to extend/to join/to receive/
应 [ying1] /ought/\n[ying4] /(surname)/to answer/to respond/
关 [guan1] /"shut/(surname)/[surname]"/barrier/close down/customs house/involve/lock up/mountain pass/pass, check/shut; close/to close/to concern/to involve/to shut/to turn off/turn off/
信 [xin4] /[surname]/believe/evidence/letter/message/sign/to believe/true/trust/
觉 [jue2] /awake/aware/feel/find that/thinking/
死 [si3] /inflexible/inpassable/rigid/to die/uncrossable/
步 [bu4] /a pace/a step/march/stages in a process/walk/
反 [fan3] /anti-/wrong side out or up/
处 [chu3] /deal with/get along with/to be in/to be in a position of/to dwell/to live/to reside/to stay/\n[chu4] /a place/bureau/department/location/office/point/respect/spot/
记 [ji4] /mark/sign/to note/to record/to remember/
将 [jiang1] /(will, shall, "future tense")/prepared/ready/to get/to use/\n[jiang4] /a general/
千 [qian1] /a swing/thousand/
找 [zhao3] /find; finding; found/give sb change/search/seek/to call on (sb)/to find/to look for/to return/to seek/to try to find/
争 [zheng1] /fight/struggle/
领 [ling3] /collar/neck/to lead/to receive/
或 [huo4] /maybe/might/or/perhaps/possibly/
师 [shi1] /a division (milit.)/expert/master/model/teacher/
结 [jie1] /bond/knot/sturdy/to bear (fruit)/to bind/to tie/
块 [kuai1] /(measure word for chunks, lumps)/chunk/lump/piece/\n[kuai4] /(a measure word, for cloth, cake, soap)/fast (of a watch)/happy/joyful/quick/rapid/soon/swift/yuan (unit of currency)/
跑 [pao3] /run/to escape/to run/
谁 [shui2] /who/
草 [cao3] /careless/careless; rough; hasty/draft/draft (of a document)/grass/grass; straw/hasty/manuscript/rough/straw/
越 [yue4] /the more ... the more/to climb over/to exceed/to surpass/
字 [zi4] /character/letter/symbol/word/
加 [jia1] /plus/to add/
脚 [jiao3] /a kick/base (of hill etc)/foot/role/
紧 [jin3] /nervous/strict/tight/
爱 [ai4] /affection/affection; love/be apt to/be in the habit of/like/like; be fond of/love/to be fond of/to like/to love/
等 [deng3] /and so on/await/class/equal to/et cetera/grade/rank/same as/wait for/
习 [xi2] /habit/to practice/to study/
阵 [zhen4] /burst/disposition of troops/short period/spate/spell/wave/
怕 [pa4] /to be afraid/to fear/
月 [yue4] /month/moon/
青 [qing1] /9th of month (tele.)/blue-green/
半 [ban4] /(after a number) and a half/half/incomplete/semi-/
火 [huo3] /[surname]/fire/
法 [fa3] /Legalist/law/method/way/
题 [ti2] /subject/to inscribe/to superscribe/topic/
建 [jian4] /to build/to construct/to establish/to found/to set up/
赶 [gan3] /catch up/drive away/hurry/to catch up/to drive away/to hurry/to overtake/to rush/
位 [wei4] /(measure word for persons)/location/place/position/seat/
唱 [chang4] /[surname]/call; cry/sing/to call loudly/to chant/
海 [hai3] /[surname]/ocean/sea/
七 [qi1] /7/seven/
女 [nu:3] /female/woman/
任 [ren4] /office/responsibility/to appoint/to assign/
件 [jian4] /(a measure word for thing/clothes/item/
感 [gan3] /to affect/to feel/to move/to touch/
准 [zhun3] /accurate/standard/to allow/to grant/to permit/
张 [zhang1] /(a measure word)/(a surname)/open up/
团 [tuan2] /circular/dumpling/group/regiment/round/society/
屋 [wu1] /house/room/
爷 [ye2] /etc./grandpa/old gentleman/
离 [li2] /(distant) from/from/to depart/to go away/to leave/
色 [se4] /appearance/color/look/
脸 [lian3] /cheek/countenance/face/
片 [pian1] /disc/sheet/\n[pian4] /a slice/flake/flate/piece/slice/thin/
科 [ke1] /branch/branch of medicine/division/family/field/subject/
倒 [dao3] /bankrupt/change; exchange/collapse; be overthrown; close down/fall(toppled)/fall; topple/to change/to collapse/to fail/to fall/to topple/\n[dao4] /inverted/to go home/to pour/to the contrary/to tip/turn over/upset/
睛 [jing1] /eye/
利 [li4] /advantage/benefit/profit/sharp/
世 [shi4] /age/era/generation/life/lifetime/world/
病 [bing4] /ailment/defect/disease/fall ill/illness/sick/sickness/
刚 [gang1] /barely/exactly/firm/hard/just/strong/
且 [qie3] /further/moreover/
由 [you2] /because of/by/cause/due to/follow/from/it is for...to/reason/to/to leave it (to sb)/
送 [song4] /"deliver/carry/escort"/give as a present/see sb. off, our/send(to deliver)/to carry/to deliver/to give (as a present)/to present (with)/to see off/to send/
切 [qie1] /to cut/to slice/\n[qie4] /close to/
星 [xing1] /satellite/small amount/star/
晚 [wan3] /evening/late/night/
表 [biao3] /a list or table/a meter/a watch/an example/chart/express/exterior/external/surface/to show/to watch/
够 [gou4] /to be enough/to reach/
整 [zheng3] /complete/entire/exactly/in good order/in order/orderly/whole/
认 [ren4] /to admit/to know/to recognize/
响 [xiang3] /(a measure word for sound)/loud/to make a sound/to ring/to sound/
雪 [xue3] /(avenge a wrong)/[surname]/snow/wipe out (a humiliation)/
流 [liu2] /to circulate/to flow/to move/to spread/
未 [wei4] /1-3 p.m./8th earthly branch/did not/have not/not/not yet/
场 [chang3] /(a measure word, used for sport or recreation)/a courtyard/a measure word/field/open space/place/
该 [gai1] /most likely/ought to/owe/should/that/the above-mentioned/to deserve/
并 [bing4] /(not) at all/also/amalgamate/and/combine/furthermore/simultaneously/to combine/to join/to merge/together with/
底 [di3] /background/base/bottom/
深 [shen1] /deep/deeply/depth/profound/
刻 [ke4] /(a measure word)/carve/cutting/engrave/highest degree/moment/oppressive/quarter (hour)/to carve/to cut/to engrave/?/
平 [ping2] /calm/equal/flat/level/peaceful/to draw/to make the same score/to tie/
伟 [wei3] /big/great/large/
忙 [mang2] /busy/
提 [ti2] /(upwards character stroke)/lifting (brush stroke in painting)/to carry/to lift/to mention/to put forward/
确 [que4] /authenticated/firm/real/solid/true/
近 [jin4] /approximately/close (to)/near/
亮 [liang4] /bright/light/
轻 [qing1] /easy/gentle/hydrogen/light/soft/
讲 [jiang3] /speech/to explain/to speak/to talk/to tell/
农 [nong2] /agriculture/
古 [gu3] /ancient/old/
黑 [hei1] /black/dark/
告 [gao4] /to inform/to say/to tell/
界 [jie4] /boundry/circles (ie, a group of people)/
拉 [la1] /to drag/to draw/to play (string instruments)/to pull/
名 [ming2] /(measure word for persons)/MW (persons)/[surname]/fame/famous/name/place (e.g. among winners)/reputation/well-known/
呀 [ya5] /(final part.)/
土 [tu3] /dust/earth/
清 [qing1] /clear/complete/distinct/pure/
阳 [yang2] /positive (electric.)/sun/
照 [zhao4] /according to/in accordance with/photograph/to illuminate/to reflect/to shine/
办 [ban4] /to deal with/to do/to go about/to handle/to manage/to run/to set up/
史 [shi3] /history/
改 [gai3] /to alter/to change/to correct/to transform/
历 [li4] /all/calendar/each/every/to experience/to pass through/to undergo/
转 [zhuan3] /"corner, turn"/to convey/to forward (mail)/to shift/to transfer/to turn/transfer/turn; change/\n[zhuan4] /to circle about/to revolve/to turn/to walk about/
画 [hua4] /draw/painting/picture/
造 [zao4] /educate/invent/make/make(create)/to build/to invent/to make/to manufacture/
嘴 [zui3] /mouth/
此 [ci3] /these/this/
治 [zhi4] /cure/to control/to govern/to harness (a river)/to heal/to manage/to rule/treatment/
北 [bei3] /be defeated/north/
必 [bi4] /certainly/must/necessarily/will/
服 [fu2] /clothes/dress/garment/submit/take (medicine)/
雨 [yu3] /rain/
穿 [chuan1] /pass through/pearce/penetrate/perforate/to bore through/to dress/to put on/to thread/to wear/
父 [fu4] /father/
内 [nei4] /inner/inside/interior/internal/within/
识 [shi2] /knowledge/to know/
验 [yan4] /to check/to examine/to test/\n[yan1] /how/where/
传 [chuan2] /to circulate/to conduct (electricity)/to infect/to pass on/to spread/to transfer/to transmit/
业 [ye4] /[surname]/already/business/course of study/enterprise/estate; property/industry/occupation/profession/study/trade/
菜 [cai4] /dish (type of food)/vegetables/
爬 [pa2] /climb/crawl/
睡 [shui4] /to sleep/
兴 [xing1] /flourish/it is the fashion to/to become popular/\n[xing4] /interest/
形 [xing2] /form/shape/to appear/to look/
量 [liang2] /to measure/\n[liang4] /amount/capacity/quantity/to estimate/
咱 [zan2] /we (incl.)/
观 [guan1] /to behold/to look at/to observe/to watch/
苦 [ku3] /bitter/cause suffering/doing one's utmost/hardship/intensely/miserable/pain/painful/suffer from/suffering/
体 [ti3] /body/form/style/system/
众 [zhong4] /multitude/
通 [tong1] /go through/know well/open/to communicate/to connect/
冲 [chong1] /dash against/highway/public road/to charge/to collide/to dash (against)/to rinse/to rush/to wash out/to water/\n[chong4] /dynamic/forceful/of great force/powerful/strong/to punch/towards/
合 [he2] /Chinese musical note/fit/to join/
破 [po4] /broken/damaged/to break/to split/worn out/
友 [you3] /friend/
度 [du4] /capacity/degree/standard/
术 [shu4] /method/technique/
饭 [fan4] /cooked rice/cuisine/food/meal/
公 [gong1] /common/honorable (designation)/just/public/
旁 [pang2] /beside/one side/other/self/side/
房 [fang2] /house/
南 [nan2] /[surname]/south/
枪 [qiang1] /firearm/gun/rifle/spear/
读 [du2] /to read/to study/
沙 [sha1] /[surname]/granule/hoarse/powder/raspy/sand/
岁 [sui4] /(a measure word)/year/years old/
线 [xian4] /line/string/thread/wire/
野 [ye3] /boundry/field/limit/open space/plain/rude/wild/
坚 [jian1] /firm/resolute/solid/strong/unyielding/
空 [kong1] /air/empty/in vain/sky/\n[kong4] /emptied/leisure/
收 [shou1] /receive/accept/bring to an end/collect/gather in/harvest/put away/restrain (emotion, action)"/take in/take in; received/to accept/to collect/to receive/
算 [suan4] /regard as/to calculate/to compute/to figure/
至 [zhi4] /arrive/most/to/until/
城 [cheng2] /city/city wall; wall/city walls/town/
劳 [lao2] /toil/
钱 [qian2] /(surname)/MW (unit of weight)/[surname]/coin/money/
特 [te4] /extraordinary/special/unusual/
围 [wei2] /to circle/to surround/
弟 [di4] /younger brother/
胜 [sheng1] /able to bear/peptide/\n[sheng4] /victorious/
教 [jiao1] /teach/\n[jiao4] /religion/teaching/
热 [re4] /feverent/heat/hot/hot (of weather)/to heat up/warm up/
展 [zhan3] /to postpone/to spread out/to unfold/to use/
包 [bao1] /bag/bundle/container/package/packet/to contract (to or for)/to cover/to hold/to hold or embrace/to include/to take charge of/to wrap/wrapper/
歌 [ge1] /sing/song/
类 [lei4] /category/class/kind/like/similar/to resemble/type/
渐 [jian1] /imbue/\n[jian4] /gradual (ly)/
强 [qiang2] /better/force/power/powerful/strength/
数 [shu3] /count/list/number; count/to count/\n[shu4] /figure/number/several/to calculate/to count/
乡 [xiang1] /country/village/
呼 [hu1] /to breath out/to call/to cry/to exahle/to shout/
性 [xing4] /characteristic/nature/sex/sex; sexual/suffix corresponding to -ness or -ity/surname/
音 [yin1] /news/noise/sound/
答 [da1] /agree/to answer/\n[da2] /answer/echo/reply/respond/return/
哥 [ge1] /elder brother/\n[ge3] /(surname)/
际 [ji4] /among/between/border/boundary/edge/interval/while/
旧 [jiu4] /former/old (opposite of new)/
座 [zuo4] /to sit/to take a seat/
章 [zhang1] /(surname)/[surname]/chapter/seal/section/
帮 [bang1] /gang/group/party/to assist/to help/to support/
啦 [la1] /(onomat.)/(phonetic)/\n[la5] /(an auxiliary word performing the grammatical functions of mood)/fusion of le + a/
受 [shou4] /(passive marker)/to bear/to endure/to receive/to stand/
系 [xi4] /be/bind/connect/connection/department/faculty/relation/system/tie up/to tie/
令 [ling4] /command/decree/honorable/make or cause to be/order/
跳 [tiao4] /bounce/hop/jump/leap/move up & down/skip (a grade)/skip (over)/to beat/to bounce/to leap/
非 [fei1] /non-/not-/un-/
何 [he2] /carry/how/what/which/why/
牛 [niu2] /[surname]/bull/cattle/cow/ox/
取 [qu3] /to choose/to fetch/to get/to take/
入 [ru4] /to enter/
岸 [an4] /bank/beach/coast/shore/
敢 [gan3] /dare/
掉 [diao4] /to drop/to fall/
忽 [hu1] /suddenly/
种 [zhong3] /kind/race (of people)/seed/type/\n[zhong4] /to grow/to plant/
装 [zhuang1] /adorn/adornment/clothing/costume/dress/
顶 [ding3] /a measure word (use with "hat")/go against/most/peak/to replace/to substitute/top/
急 [ji2] /hurried/worried/
林 [lin2] /forest/woods/
停 [ting2] /to halt/to stop/
息 [xi1] /breath/interest/news/rest/
句 [ju4] /(a measure word, for sentences or lines of verse)/sentence/
娘 [niang2] /mother/troubled/young lady/
区 [qu1] /area/distinguish/districts/region/
衣 [yi4] /desire/idea/meaning/wish/\n[yi1] /clothes/\n[yi4] /gown/to dress/to wear/
般 [ban1] /class/kind/manner/sort/way/
报 [bao4] /announce; declare/bulletin; report/newspaper/periodical; journal/recompense/reply; respond; requite/report/revenge/telegram; cable/to announce/to inform/
叶 [ye4] /(surname)/leaf/page/
压 [ya1] /approach/keep under control; control/press/press; push down; weigh down/shelve/suppress/to keep under (control)/to press/to push down/\n[ya4] /in the first place/to crush/
母 [mu3] /female/mother/
慢 [man4] /slow/
叔 [shu1] /uncle in direct address/
背 [bei1] /carry on one's back/to be burdened/to carry on the back or shoulder/\n[bei4] /learn by heart/the back of the body/
细 [xi4] /fine/minutely/slender/thin/